Aaron, Richard Ithamar (1901–1987), philosopher, was born on 6 November 1901 at Upper Dulais, Blaendulais, Glamorgan, the son of William Aaron (1864–1937), a draper, and his wife, Margaret Griffith (d. 1940). He was brought up in Llwyfenni, Llangyfelach, Ynystawe, which was his home from 1910 to 1932, and received his secondary education at ...
Article
Aaron, Richard Ithamar (1901–1987), philosopher
O. R. Jones
Article
Abercromby, David (d. 1701?), physician and philosopher
Paul Tomassi
Abercromby, David (d. 1701
Article
Ackrill, John Lloyd (1921–2007), philosopher
C. C. W. Taylor
Ackrill, John Lloyd (1921–2007), philosopher, was born on 30 December 1921 at 49 Green Road, Reading, the youngest child of Frederick William Ackrill (1875–1956), elementary school headmaster, and his wife, Jessie Anne, née Davies (1881–1969). He was educated at Reading School, and in Trinity term 1940 went to ...
Article
Adam, James (1860–1907), classical scholar and philosopher
Peter Giles
revised by Mark J. Schofield
Adam, James (1860–1907), classical scholar and philosopher, born on 7 April 1860 at Kinmuck in the parish of Keithhall near Inverurie in Aberdeenshire, was second child and only son of James Adam and his wife, Barbara Anderson. The father owned the general store and tailor's shop which served the neighbouring countryside; he died of typhoid fever when his son was only eight. His mother by her own energy carried on the business, and brought up her six children. He made rapid progress at the parish school of ...
Article
Adamson, Robert (1852–1902), philosopher
W. R. Sorley
revised by C. A. Creffield
Adamson, Robert (1852–1902), philosopher, was born at Edinburgh on 19 January 1852, fifth of the six children of Robert Adamson (d. 1855), solicitor, and Mary Agnes Buist, daughter of Matthew Buist, factor to the earl of Haddington. His father died when Adamson...
Article
Airay, Christopher (1600x03–1670), philosopher
John Stephens
Airay, Christopher (1600x03–1670), philosopher, was born at Clifton, Westmorland, and matriculated from Queen's College, Oxford, aged eighteen (Foster) on 9 November 1621. He graduated BA on 16 December 1625, was created a fellow in 1627, and proceeded MA on 29 January 1629. He was created BD on 1 or 2 November 1642 and was subsequently vicar of ...
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Alexander, Samuel (1859–1938), philosopher
John Laird
revised by Michael A. Weinstein
Alexander, Samuel (1859–1938), philosopher, the third son and fourth child of Samuel Alexander, an Australian, and his wife, Eliza Sloman, who came from Cape Town, was born at Sydney, New South Wales, on 6 January 1859. His father, a saddler, died of consumption at the age of thirty-eight, shortly before his birth. His mother died in his house at ...
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Alexander, Samuel (1859–1938)
Maker: Francis Dodd
In
Samuel Alexander (1859–1938) by Francis Dodd, 1932 © National Portrait Gallery, London
Article
Alnwick, Martin (d. 1336), Franciscan friar, theologian, and philosopher
S. F. Brown
Alnwick, Martin (d. 1336), Franciscan friar, theologian, and philosopher, doubtless came from Northumberland. Possibly the Martinus occasionally recorded as participating in Oxford disputations in the last years of the thirteenth century, he was certainly at Oxford by 1300, when he was among the friars presented to the bishop of ...
Article
Anderson, John (1893–1962), philosopher and social critic
John Passmore
Anderson, John (1893–1962), philosopher and social critic, was born in Stonehouse, Lanarkshire, 30 miles south-west of Glasgow, on 1 November 1893, the third of the five children of a radical schoolmaster, Alexander Anderson (1863–1947), and his wife, Elizabeth Brown (d. 1942), teacher, pianist, and poet....
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Anderson, John (1893–1962)
Maker: Sir William Dobell
In
John Anderson (1893–1962) by Sir William Dobell, 1962 © DACS 2010; University of Sydney Art Collection, John Anderson Testimonial Fund, 1962. Reproduced courtesy of Sir William Dobell Art Foundation
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Anderson, Pamela Sue (1955–2017), philosopher of religion
Kate Kirkpatrick
Anderson, Pamela Sue (1955–2017), philosopher of religion, was born on 16 April 1955 in Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, the daughter of Lutheran parents, Douglas Anderson, a professor of educational psychology, and his wife Yvonne, née Haglund. She had a brother, Larin, and sisters, Laurie...
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Anscombe, (Gertrude) Elizabeth Margaret (1919–2001)
Maker: Steve Pyke
In
(Gertrude) Elizabeth Margaret Anscombe (1919–2001) by Steve Pyke, 1990 [with Peter Thomas Geach] © Steve Pyke; National Portrait Gallery, London
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Anscombe, (Gertrude) Elizabeth Margaret (1919–2001), philosopher
Jenny Teichman
Anscombe, (Gertrude) Elizabeth Margaret (1919–2001), philosopher, was born on 18 March 1919 at Glanmire, North Strand, Limerick, the youngest child and only daughter of Allen Wells Anscombe (1885–1939), a schoolmaster at Dulwich College, then serving as a captain in the Royal Welch Fusiliers...
Article
Appleton, Charles Edward Cutts Birchall (1841–1879), lecturer on philosophy and journal editor
William H. Scheuerle
Appleton, Charles Edward Cutts Birchall (1841–1879), lecturer on philosophy and journal editor, was born on 16 March 1841, at Reading, the second son of the Revd Robert Appleton (1801–1875) and his wife, Mary Ann Elizabeth Hoblyn (1801–1874), daughter of the Revd ...
Article
Arouet, François-Marie [known as Voltaire] (1694–1778), writer and philosopher
David Williams
Arouet, François-Marie [known as Voltaire] (1694–1778), writer and philosopher, was born in Paris on 21 November 1694 according to the notice of baptism. He was the fifth of five surviving children born to François Arouet (1649–1722), lawyer and minor official, and his wife, ...
Article
Astell, Mary (1666–1731), philosopher and promoter of women's education
Ruth Perry
Astell, Mary (1666–1731), philosopher and promoter of women's education, was born in Newcastle upon Tyne on 12 November 1666, the first of two surviving children of Peter Astell (1638–1678), coal merchant, and his wife, Mary, daughter of George Errington, also a coal merchant in ...
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Austin, John Langshaw (1911–1960)
Maker: Ramsey & Muspratt
In
John Langshaw Austin (1911–1960) by Ramsey & Muspratt, 1951 photograph reproduced by courtesy of The British Academy
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Austin, John Langshaw (1911–1960), philosopher
P. M. S. Hacker
Austin, John Langshaw (1911–1960), philosopher, was born in Lancaster on 26 March 1911, the second son of the five children of Geoffrey Langshaw Austin (1884–1971), architect, and his wife, Mary Bowes-Wilson (1883–1948). After the First World War his parents moved to St Andrews...
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![Cover Ayer, Sir Alfred Jules [Freddie] (1910–1989)](/cover/searchableMedia/odnb-9780198614128-e-1002844-graphic-1-thumbnail.jpg)
Ayer, Sir Alfred Jules [Freddie] (1910–1989)
Maker: Humphrey Ocean
In
Sir Alfred Jules Ayer (1910–1989) by Humphrey Ocean, 1985 © National Portrait Gallery, London
