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Ali, (Chaudhri) Muhammad (1905–1980), prime minister of Pakistan, 1955–6, was born on 15 July 1905 in Nangalambia village, Jullundur district, Punjab province, India. His father was Chaudhri Khairuddin, a farmer and member of the Arain community, his mother, Ayesha Khairdin; he was the third of five children, with two elder sisters and two younger brothers. ...

Ayub Khan, Mohammad (1907–1974), president of Pakistan, was born on 14 May 1907 at Rehana, in the Hazara district of the North-West Frontier Province of undivided British India. He was the fifth child of Mir Dad Khan, a retired Indian army junior officer. The family were comfortably off, but not wealthy members of the ...

Azad, Abul Kalam (1888–1958), politician and author, was born on 11 November 1888 in Mecca, Arabia. His father, Sheikh Khairuddin Dehlavi (1831–1908), was an Islamic scholar and Sufi who had migrated to Mecca about the time of the 1857 revolt and there had married an Arab woman, the niece of the mufti of ...

Husain, Sir Mian Fazl-i- (1877–1936), politician in India, was born on 14 June 1877 in Peshawar, North-West Frontier Province, India, where his father, Mian Husain Imam Bakhsh, was posted as 'extra assistant commissioner'. He came from a family of Bhatti Rajputs...

Khaliquzzaman, Choudhry (1889–1973), politician in India and Pakistan, was born on 25 December 1889 in Chunar, in the district of Mirzapur, of the North-Western Provinces of India. He was the fourth of the eight children of Sheikh Mohammad Zaman, an assistant tahsildar in British service, and his second wife, ...

Khan, Abdul Ghaffar (1890–1988), Pakhtun nationalist, was born in the village of Utmanzai in the Peshawar district of the North-West Frontier Province. He was the fourth child of Khan Behram Khan, an influential Muhammadzai landlord. Following admission to a mosque school at the age of five, he was educated at the ...

Mujibur Rahman, Sheikh (1920–1975), president of Bangladesh, was born in Tungipara, Faridpur district, Bengal, on 17 March 1920, the first of six children of Sheikh Lutfur Rahman, a middle-class landowner, and Sahera Begum. He had one brother and four sisters. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman...

Tiwana, Sir Khizr Hayat (1900–1975), prime minister of the Punjab, was born on 7 August 1900 in Chak Muzaffarabad, Sargodha, in the Shahpur district, Punjab, India. He was the son of Umar Hayat Khan Tiwana (1874–1944)—an honorary major-general in the Tiwana lancers (later the 19th (King George's own) lancers)...

Zia ul Haq, Mohammad (1922–1988), president of Pakistan, was born on 12 August 1922 in Jullundur in the pre-partition Punjab province of British India. He was born into a lower-middle-class Arain family. This was not the martial caste background from which the Indian army traditionally drew its Punjabi Muslim recruits. ...