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Beaufort, Henry [called the Cardinal of England] (1375?–1447), bishop of Winchester and cardinal, was the second of four illegitimate children of John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster (1340–1399), and Katherine Swynford (1350?–1403), daughter of the Hainaulter Sir Payn Roelt, who was governess to the duke's children [...

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Henry Beaufort (1375?–1447) stone effigy © English Heritage. NMR

Article

Beaufort, Thomas, duke of Exeter (1377?–1426), magnate and soldier, was the youngest of the three illegitimate sons of John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, and Katherine Swynford [see Katherine, duchess of Lancaster]. His brothers were John Beaufort and Henry Beaufort...

Article

Neville, Richard, fifth earl of Salisbury (1400–1460), magnate, was the eldest son of Ralph Neville, first earl of Westmorland (c. 1364–1425), and his second wife, Joan Beaufort (d. 1440), daughter of John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster. He was thus the nephew of ...

Article

Wolsey, Thomas (1470/71–1530), royal minister, archbishop of York, and cardinal, was the son of Robert Wulcy or Wolsey of Ipswich (d. 1496) and his wife, Joan Daundy (d. 1509). Wolsey's father ran a tavern in the parish of St Mary at the Elms, Ipswich...

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Thomas Wolsey (1470/7171–1530) by unknown artist, late 16th cent. [original, c.1520] © National Portrait Gallery, London