Jump to Content
Menu
User Account
Personal Profile
  • About
  • Tools and Resources
  • Subscribe
  • Customer Services
  • News
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
Advanced search
Browse
  • Occupations   
    • Agriculture
    • Armed forces and intelligence services
    • Art and architecture
    • Business and finance
    • Education and scholarship
    • Individuals
    • Law and crime
    • Manufacture and trade
    • Media and performing arts
    • Medicine and health
    • Music
    • Politics
    • Religion and belief
    • Royalty, rulers, and aristocracy
    • Science and technology
    • Social welfare and reform
    • Sports, games, and pastimes
    • Transport
    • Travel and exploration
    • Writing and publishing
    • Browse All
  • Religious Affiliation   
    • Buddhism
    • Christianity
    • Hinduism
    • Islam
    • Judaism
    • Other
    • Sikhism
    • Browse All
Close

Search Results

  • Save Search
  • Email this link

    Share Link


    Copy this link, or click below to email it to a friend
    Email this link
    or copy the link directly:
    The link was not copied. Your current browser may not support copying via this button.
    Link copied successfully

Sign in Modify your search
Sign in
You could not be signed in, please check and try again.
Please enter your Username
Please enter your Password
Forgot password?
Don't have an account?
Sign in via your Institution
You could not be signed in, please check and try again.
Please enter your library card number

Narrow Your Choices

Modify your search

Term

Format

Type

Articles containing

  • Article with images (1,202)

Sex

  • Female (1,187)
  • Male (9,562)

Life event

Dates before common era (BC)

E.g. 0014BC
Filter cannot be applied, please check and try again.
Date
Please enter a valid date (2 digits for day and month, minimum 4 digits for year)
Please enter a valid date (2 digits for day and month, minimum 4 digits for year)
To date cannot be earlier than From date
Please enter a valid date (2 digits for day and month, minimum 4 digits for year)
Date
Please enter a valid date (2 digits for day and month, minimum 4 digits for year)
Please enter a valid date (2 digits for day and month, minimum 4 digits for year)
To date cannot be earlier than From date
Please enter a valid date (2 digits for day and month, minimum 4 digits for year)

Life event

Dates before common era (BC)

E.g. 0014BC
Filter cannot be applied, please check and try again.
Date
Please enter a valid date (2 digits for day and month, minimum 4 digits for year)
Please enter a valid date (2 digits for day and month, minimum 4 digits for year)
To date cannot be earlier than From date
Please enter a valid date (2 digits for day and month, minimum 4 digits for year)
Date
Please enter a valid date (2 digits for day and month, minimum 4 digits for year)
Please enter a valid date (2 digits for day and month, minimum 4 digits for year)
To date cannot be earlier than From date
Please enter a valid date (2 digits for day and month, minimum 4 digits for year)

Occupations

  • Open Section Agriculture (287)
    • Open Section agriculture (general) (3)
      • agriculturist (1)
      • writer or scholar on agriculture (2)
    • Open Section farming (29)
      • farmer (general) (15)
      • livestock farmer (4)
      • other breeder or keeper (4)
      • plantation or estate owner or manager (6)
    • Open Section forestry (1)
      • forester (1)
    • Open Section horticulture (11)
      • gardener (1)
      • horticulturist (general) (8)
      • nurseryman or nurserywoman (1)
      • plant collector (1)
    • Open Section land management (243)
      • agricultural steward (4)
      • landowner (239)
  • Open Section Armed forces and intelligence services (759)
    • Open Section air force combatants (10)
      • air force officer (10)
    • Open Section intelligence services (53)
      • cryptographer (2)
      • intelligence officer (13)
      • spy or informer (38)
    • Open Section military combatants (651)
      • army officer (British army) (113)
      • army officer (East India Company) (3)
      • army officer (English civil war) (29)
      • army officer (foreign service) (50)
      • army officer (Jacobite) (30)
      • military adventurer (411)
      • military commander (general) (13)
      • resistance fighter (1)
      • special operations officer (6)
    • Open Section military support services (11)
      • military administrator (1)
      • military medical personnel (9)
      • military religious personnel (1)
    • Open Section military technology (6)
      • military engineer or inventor (6)
    • Open Section military theory and scholarship (7)
      • military historian (2)
      • military writer (5)
    • Open Section naval combatants (27)
      • founder or head of naval services (3)
      • naval commander (general) (5)
      • naval officer (British navy) (13)
      • naval officer (foreign service) (3)
      • naval officer (Jacobite) (1)
      • sailor (3)
    • Open Section naval support services (6)
      • naval administrator (6)
    • Open Section naval technology (2)
      • naval surveyor or cartographer (2)
  • Open Section Art and architecture (498)
    • Open Section architecture and landscape (95)
      • architect (60)
      • architectural planner (3)
      • carpenter (4)
      • draughtsman or draughtswoman (3)
      • land surveyor (2)
      • landscape architect (2)
      • mason (26)
    • Open Section art (general) (55)
      • artist (general) (50)
      • artist's model (5)
    • Open Section ceramics and glass (8)
      • ceramic artist or ceramicist (2)
      • glassmaker or glass artist (4)
      • potter (4)
    • Open Section design (28)
      • book designer (3)
      • designer (general) (2)
      • furniture designer (15)
      • garden designer (4)
      • interior designer (2)
      • theatre designer (2)
    • Open Section fashion, jewellery, and body art (12)
      • costume designer (1)
      • fashion designer (4)
      • jeweller (1)
      • textile designer (6)
      • weaver (2)
    • Open Section graphic design and typography (8)
      • book binder (1)
      • calligrapher (2)
      • graphic designer (2)
      • typographer (3)
    • Open Section metalwork (19)
      • goldsmith (13)
      • medal or coin designer (1)
      • metalworker (4)
      • silversmith (1)
    • Open Section painting and drawing (174)
      • caricaturist (3)
      • cartoonist (6)
      • genre painter (11)
      • history painter (12)
      • illuminator (2)
      • illustrator (29)
      • landscape painter (9)
      • miniature painter (2)
      • painter (82)
      • pastellist (1)
      • portrait painter (34)
      • Still-life painter (1)
      • watercolourist (2)
    • Open Section patrons, collectors, and dealers (32)
      • art collector (17)
      • art dealer (4)
      • art publisher (1)
      • gallery owner (2)
      • patron of the arts (13)
    • photographer (8)
    • Open Section printmaking (45)
      • engraver (22)
      • etcher (10)
      • lithographer (1)
      • printmaker (general) (12)
    • Open Section sculpture and carving (44)
      • carver (1)
      • carver of ivory and bone (1)
      • medallist (6)
      • modeller (2)
      • sculptor (35)
    • Open Section textiles and embroidery (2)
      • embroiderer (1)
      • textile artist (1)
    • Open Section writers, scholars, and museum professionals (44)
      • architectural historian (4)
      • art administrator (2)
      • art connoisseur (2)
      • art critic (6)
      • art historian (25)
      • art teacher (6)
      • gallery curator (2)
      • museum curator (2)
      • museum director (6)
      • museum keeper or proprietor (2)
      • writer on art (5)
  • Open Section Business and finance (120)
    • Open Section accountancy (3)
      • accountant (2)
      • writer on accountancy (1)
    • Open Section banking and finance (52)
      • banker (27)
      • financier or moneylender (15)
      • merchant banker (6)
      • speculator (6)
    • Open Section business (general) (45)
      • advertising agent (4)
      • businessman or businesswoman (23)
      • company executive or director (7)
      • entrepreneur (12)
      • management consultant (3)
      • public relations business expert (2)
    • economist (19)
    • Open Section land and property (5)
      • building society manager (1)
      • property dealer or speculator (4)
    • stock market trader (1)
  • Open Section Education and scholarship (1,032)
    • Open Section administration of education (5)
      • education administrator (general) (2)
      • university or college administrator (3)
    • Open Section anthropology and ethnography (20)
      • anthropologist (18)
      • ethnographer (1)
      • ethnologist (1)
    • Open Section antiquarianism (86)
      • antiquary (77)
      • collector of antiquities (8)
      • numismatist (1)
    • archaeologist (18)
    • Open Section classical studies (27)
      • classical scholar (general) (26)
      • greek scholar (1)
    • Open Section educational benefaction (45)
      • educational benefactor (10)
      • founder of educational institution (34)
      • patron of education (2)
    • Open Section educational reform (7)
      • education promoter (3)
      • educational reformer (4)
    • Open Section educationists (23)
      • educationist (general) (23)
    • Open Section geography (11)
      • geographer (6)
      • topographer (5)
    • Open Section history (315)
      • ancient historian (1)
      • chronicler (88)
      • chronologist (1)
      • cultural historian (1)
      • ecclesiastical and church historian (15)
      • folklorist (5)
      • genealogist (11)
      • herald (13)
      • historian (general) (180)
      • local historian (2)
      • prehistorian (2)
    • Open Section libraries and archives (28)
      • archivist (8)
      • bibliographer (6)
      • book collector (5)
      • collector of manuscripts (2)
      • librarian (7)
    • Open Section linguistics (55)
      • grammarian (30)
      • lexicographer (14)
      • linguistic scholar (general) (3)
      • philologist (10)
    • Open Section philosophy (76)
      • historian of philosophy (1)
      • logician (21)
      • moral philosopher (2)
      • philosopher (general) (55)
      • philosophy teacher (1)
    • Open Section private tuition (6)
      • tutor (6)
    • public lecturer (4)
    • Open Section scholarly associates and assistants (4)
      • scholarly associate (3)
      • stenographer (1)
    • Open Section scholars (general) (94)
      • encyclopaedist (2)
      • humanist (25)
      • scholar or thinker (67)
    • Open Section scholars of language and culture (168)
      • Arabic scholar (3)
      • Celtic scholar (18)
      • Chinese scholar (1)
      • egyptologist (5)
      • French scholar (12)
      • Gaelic scholar (8)
      • German scholar (2)
      • Hebraist or Semitic scholar (9)
      • Hispanic scholar (10)
      • Irish scholar (8)
      • Italian scholar (5)
      • Japanologist (1)
      • Manx or Cornish scholar (1)
      • Orientalist (9)
      • Persian scholar (1)
      • Polish scholar (2)
      • Scandinavian scholar (2)
      • scholar of Romany culture (1)
      • Scottish Gaelic scholar (2)
      • Slavonic scholar (3)
      • Swahili scholar (1)
      • Syriac scholar (1)
      • translator or interpreter (86)
      • Welsh scholar (1)
    • Open Section schooling (general) (42)
      • headteacher (7)
      • teacher (35)
    • Open Section social science (3)
      • sociologist or social theorist (3)
    • Open Section teachers by subject (9)
      • elocution teacher (3)
      • languages teacher (4)
      • writing teacher (2)
    • Open Section university and higher education (80)
      • university or college principal (59)
      • university or college teacher (22)
    • writer or scholar on education (2)
  • Open Section Individuals (134)
    • firsts and lasts (2)
    • Open Section heroism and survival (4)
      • folk hero (1)
      • hero (4)
    • Open Section icon or myth (5)
      • archaeological find (1)
      • epitomist or national icon (3)
      • patron saint (1)
    • Open Section lifestyle (78)
      • courtesan (8)
      • eccentric (3)
      • hedonist (2)
      • hermit or recluse (24)
      • libertine (5)
      • Man of fashion (2)
      • miser (1)
      • social celebrity (27)
      • subject of scandal (4)
      • transvestite (4)
      • vagrant or vagabond (2)
    • Open Section physicality and age (31)
      • beauty (5)
      • centenarian (12)
      • child (9)
      • curiosity (5)
    • Open Section relatives and associates (18)
      • friend or associate of notable person (9)
      • relative of notable person (4)
      • spouse of notable person (5)
  • Open Section Law and crime (667)
    • Open Section crime (general) (8)
      • criminal (6)
      • outlaw (1)
    • Open Section crimes against property (30)
      • arsonist or saboteur (1)
      • burglar or thief (4)
      • extortionist (1)
      • gangster (1)
      • Highwayman or raider (12)
      • pirate (10)
      • smuggler (1)
    • Open Section crimes against the person (27)
      • assailant (4)
      • murderer or suspected murderer (23)
    • Open Section crimes against the state (102)
      • political conspirator (73)
      • regicide or assassin (3)
      • spy or informer (15)
      • traitor (12)
    • Open Section crimes of deception (18)
      • forger or fraudster (8)
      • impostor (6)
      • perjurer (2)
      • swindler (4)
    • Open Section crimes of religion (9)
      • accused witch (3)
      • religious conspirator (6)
    • Open Section judiciary (267)
      • chief justice (2)
      • judge (263)
      • magistrate (3)
    • Open Section law enforcement (19)
      • forensic scientist (1)
      • investigator (general) (2)
      • police officer (10)
      • sheriff or thief-taker (6)
    • Open Section lawyers (150)
      • advocate (Scottish) (2)
      • barrister (17)
      • canon lawyer (17)
      • civil lawyer (13)
      • ecclesiastical lawyer (3)
      • lawyer (general) (93)
      • serjeant-at-law (3)
      • solicitor (3)
    • Open Section legal scholars (31)
      • canonist (9)
      • jurist (20)
      • legal philosopher (2)
    • Open Section legal writers (10)
      • law reporter (2)
      • legal writer (general) (8)
    • Open Section penal system (6)
      • penal reformer (5)
      • prisoner (including prisoner of war) (1)
    • Open Section victims of crime (15)
      • litigant (3)
      • murder victim (2)
      • victim of crime (10)
  • Open Section Manufacture and trade (327)
    • Open Section armaments manufacture (1)
      • guns or explosives manufacturer (1)
    • Open Section construction (16)
      • craftsman or craftswoman (11)
      • property developer (3)
      • public works contractor (3)
    • Open Section domestic service (5)
      • housekeeper (1)
      • servant (4)
    • Open Section food and beverages (36)
      • alcoholic drink producer (13)
      • chef or cook (15)
      • food producer (2)
      • soft drink producer (1)
      • wine or spirit merchant (1)
      • writer or scholar on food and drink (9)
    • glass and glassware manufacturer (1)
    • Open Section hospitality services (22)
      • brothel keeper or prostitute (1)
      • caf� or coffee-house owner (1)
      • hotelier (6)
      • owner of clubs or casinos (2)
      • publican (1)
      • restaurateur or caterer (13)
    • Open Section household goods manufacturer (11)
      • manufacturer of furnishings or d�cor (11)
    • Open Section industrial relations (33)
      • arbitrator or negotiator (1)
      • inspector of working conditions (2)
      • labour leader (6)
      • trade unionist (24)
    • industrialist or manufacturer (9)
    • Open Section manufacture of building materials (1)
      • bricks or tiles manufacturer (1)
    • Open Section manufacture of clothing, fashion, and textiles (29)
      • clothing manufacturer (8)
      • cotton manufacturer (1)
      • linen manufacturer (2)
      • shoe manufacturer (2)
      • silk manufacturer (4)
      • textile merchant (4)
      • textiles manufacturer (general) (4)
      • woollens manufacturer (2)
    • Open Section manufacture of natural products (2)
      • paper manufacturer (2)
    • Open Section metals (9)
      • manufacturer of ferrous metals (iron) (5)
      • manufacturer of non-ferrous metals (4)
    • Open Section mineral extraction (5)
      • mine worker (1)
      • mining industrialist (4)
    • Open Section retailing and wholesaling (35)
      • bookseller (10)
      • clothing retailer (9)
      • food and drink retailer (2)
      • hardware retailer (1)
      • retailer or shopkeeper (3)
      • stationer or newsagent (1)
      • textile retailer (9)
    • Open Section service trades (5)
      • leather worker (2)
      • smith or farrier (3)
    • Open Section trade in commodities (134)
      • customs officer (3)
      • diamond merchant (1)
      • East India Company official (1)
      • fur trader (2)
      • grain merchant (1)
      • merchant or trader (128)
    • Open Section writing and scholarship on manufacture and trade (2)
      • writer or scholar on trade and retailing (2)
  • Open Section Media and performing arts (266)
    • Open Section circus and fairground (3)
      • acrobat (1)
      • fairground performer (3)
    • Open Section dance (15)
      • ballet dancer (2)
      • choreographer (3)
      • dance company owner, manager, or patron (2)
      • dance teacher (3)
      • dancer (general) (11)
      • writer or scholar on dance (1)
    • Open Section entertainment (39)
      • comedian or humorist (21)
      • entertainer (general) (13)
      • impresario or entrepreneur (1)
      • magician (2)
      • Music-hall performer (8)
      • puppeteer (2)
    • Open Section film (53)
      • film actor or actress (39)
      • film director (12)
      • film executive or manager (1)
      • film producer (5)
    • Open Section radio (43)
      • radio broadcaster (27)
      • radio engineer or technician (3)
      • radio executive or manager (3)
      • radio performer (11)
      • radio producer or director (1)
      • radio scriptwriter (5)
    • Open Section television (54)
      • television broadcaster (19)
      • television executive or manager (2)
      • television performer (23)
      • television producer or director (8)
      • television scriptwriter (4)
    • Open Section theatre (155)
      • drama company founder (133)
      • stage actor or actress (133)
      • stage designer or painter (2)
      • theatre critic (2)
      • theatre director (6)
      • theatre owner, manager, or patron (23)
      • theatre producer (3)
  • Open Section Medicine and health (221)
    • Open Section alternative medical practice (1)
      • phrenologist (1)
    • dentist (3)
    • Open Section general medicine (7)
      • dermatologist (2)
      • neurologist (4)
      • ophthalmologist (1)
    • Open Section general and therapeutic practice (141)
      • geriatrician (2)
      • medical practitioner (general) (23)
      • physician (general) (116)
    • Open Section health administration (13)
      • health administrator (general) (2)
      • health reformer (6)
      • medical officer (armed forces) (4)
      • medical officer (civilian) (2)
    • medical educator (1)
    • Open Section medical science (3)
      • anatomist (3)
    • Open Section medical writing and scholarship (10)
      • historian of medicine (1)
      • medical writer (9)
    • Open Section mental health (7)
      • psychiatrist (2)
      • psychoanalyst (1)
      • psychologist (2)
      • psychotherapist (2)
    • Open Section nursing (17)
      • nurse (armed forces) (5)
      • nurse (civilian) (14)
    • Open Section obstetrics (4)
      • midwife (2)
      • obstetrician (2)
    • Open Section pathology (3)
      • forensic medic (1)
      • pathologist (2)
    • patients and medical subjects (2)
    • Open Section surgery (28)
      • anaesthetist (1)
      • gynaecologist (4)
      • surgeon (civilian) (23)
    • Open Section veterinary medicine (1)
      • veterinary physiologist or pathologist (1)
  • Open Section Music (349)
    • Open Section composition (184)
      • composer (177)
      • hymn tune writer (1)
      • songwriter (8)
    • Open Section conducting (41)
      • band conductor (6)
      • choral conductor (10)
      • orchestral conductor (25)
    • Open Section music education and scholarship (41)
      • instrument teacher (3)
      • music collector (4)
      • music copyist (1)
      • music critic (4)
      • music scholar (19)
      • music teacher (17)
      • singing teacher (4)
    • Open Section music industry (16)
      • manager in the music industry (4)
      • music director or producer (2)
      • music editor or publisher (7)
      • promoter or impresario (5)
    • music patron (4)
    • musical instrument maker (10)
    • Open Section musical performance (15)
      • folk music performer (3)
    • Open Section playing (98)
      • brass player (5)
      • keyboard player (40)
      • other instrumentalist (15)
      • strings player (30)
      • wind player (8)
    • Open Section singing (95)
      • cabaret singer (2)
      • Music-hall singer (6)
      • opera singer (4)
      • popular singer (10)
  • Open Section Politics (2,442)
    • Open Section colonial administration (42)
      • colonial leader (23)
      • colonial official (21)
    • Open Section diplomacy and international relations (214)
      • diplomat (213)
      • international civil servant (1)
    • Open Section English civil war and republic (8)
      • royalist (8)
    • fascist (2)
    • Open Section first ministers (British Isles) (14)
      • first minister (Eire) (13)
      • first minister (Isle of Man) (1)
    • Open Section government and civil service (699)
      • civil servant (British Isles) (27)
      • public official (central government) (14)
      • public official (civic) (44)
      • public official (customs and excise) (3)
      • public official (emergency services) (4)
      • public official (general) (602)
      • public official (regional and local) (9)
    • Open Section Jacobite cause (54)
      • Jacobite politician or activist (38)
      • Jacobite supporter (16)
    • Open Section nationalists and community leaders (156)
      • Irish nationalist (151)
      • Scottish nationalist (2)
      • Welsh nationalist (3)
    • Open Section officers of state (British Isles) (230)
      • governor in Ireland (12)
      • governor in Scotland (5)
      • justiciar (36)
      • lord chancellor (106)
      • lord chancellor of Ireland (35)
      • lord chancellor of Scotland (42)
    • Open Section other politicians (British Isles) (718)
      • Baron or magnate (660)
      • court politician (40)
      • local politician (19)
      • political host (2)
      • political relative or associate (3)
    • Open Section parliamentary politicians (British Isles) (364)
      • member of parliament (283)
      • member of the Irish parliament (60)
      • speaker of the house of commons (46)
    • Open Section political activism and campaigning (42)
      • activist (general) (35)
      • insurgent (6)
      • orator (1)
    • Open Section political organizers (9)
      • election and political agent (4)
      • political adminstrator (1)
      • political organizer (general) (4)
    • Open Section political reform (20)
      • Chartist (3)
      • radical (1)
      • reformer (general) (3)
      • women's suffragette (6)
      • women's suffragist (12)
    • politician in Asia or the pacific (1)
    • politician in Australia (16)
    • politician in Canada (28)
    • politician in continental Europe (16)
    • politician in East Africa (6)
    • politician in New Zealand (4)
    • politician in southern Africa (10)
    • politician in West Africa (2)
    • politician in the Caribbean (8)
    • politicians in American or USA (8)
    • Open Section politics and the law (9)
      • co-operative movement activist (2)
      • community activist (2)
      • pacifist or peace campaigner (5)
    • Open Section rebels and revolutionaries (118)
      • anarchist (1)
      • communist (1)
      • rebel (88)
      • revolutionary (28)
    • socialist (5)
    • Open Section writing and scholarship on politics (22)
      • political controversialist (4)
      • political economist (4)
      • political propagandist (3)
      • political scientist (3)
      • political writer (9)
  • Open Section Religion and belief (3,267)
    • Open Section alternative belief systems (8)
      • Freemason (3)
      • freethinker or secularist (5)
    • Open Section apostasy and heresy (81)
      • apostate or convert (55)
      • heretic (medieval) (25)
      • heretic (other) (1)
    • Open Section Christian: Anglican - clergy (57)
      • Church of England clergyman (41)
      • clergyman (Church of Ireland) (3)
      • Dean (Church of England) (10)
      • Dean (Church of Ireland) (3)
    • Open Section Christian: Anglican - episcopacy (50)
      • archbishop (Church of England) (2)
      • archbishop (Church of Ireland) (3)
      • bishop (Church of England) (35)
      • bishop (Church of Ireland) (4)
      • bishop (Church of Scotland) (4)
      • bishop (general Anglican) (1)
      • bishop (Scottish episcopal) (1)
    • Christian: Anglican - laity (3)
    • Open Section Christian: Anglican - religious orders (2)
      • Anglican monk (2)
    • Open Section Christian: Baptist (1)
      • Seventh Day Baptist (1)
    • Christian: Catholic - clergy (431)
    • Christian: Catholic - laity (132)
    • Open Section Christian: Catholic - papacy and episcopacy (1,127)
      • Catholic archbishop (308)
      • Catholic bishop (731)
      • Catholic cardinal (61)
      • Catholic papal official (17)
      • Catholic pope (2)
      • Catholic vicar apostolic (61)
    • Open Section Christian: Catholic - religious orders (1,172)
      • Catholic canon (232)
      • Catholic friar (226)
      • Catholic monk (199)
      • Catholic nun (82)
      • head of Catholic religious order (462)
      • jesuit (234)
    • Open Section Christian: independent churches (2)
      • other independent church member (2)
    • Open Section Christian: Methodist (2)
      • Methodist minister or preacher (2)
    • Christian: Orthodox (1)
    • Open Section Christian: Presbyterian (12)
      • Church of Scotland minister (10)
      • Presbyterian Church of England member (1)
      • Presbyterian minister or preacher (1)
    • Open Section Christian: protestant nonconformers (21)
      • protestant nonconforming minister or preacher (21)
    • Open Section Christian: Quaker (1)
      • Quaker minister or preacher (1)
    • Christian: Reformed (5)
    • Christian: Unitarian (1)
    • Open Section early British church (to 664) (25)
      • archbishop in the early British church (7)
      • bishop in the early British church (5)
      • founder or head of early British religious institution (7)
      • holy man or woman in the early British church (6)
    • early Irish church member (4)
    • hermit or anchorite (30)
    • Open Section martyrdom and recusancy (95)
      • martyr (76)
      • recusant or exile (19)
    • missionary (35)
    • Muslim (1)
    • mystic, prophet, or visionary (31)
    • Open Section other religions (2)
      • Bahai (2)
    • Open Section religious activism (39)
      • ecumenist (5)
      • religious activist or campaigner (23)
      • religious reformer (17)
    • religious administrator (8)
    • religious patron (12)
    • Open Section religious writing and scholarship (462)
      • biblical scholar (17)
      • ecclesiologist (2)
      • hagiographer (31)
      • historian of religion (18)
      • hymn writer (1)
      • liturgical scholar (9)
      • martyrologist (1)
      • religious apologist (5)
      • religious controversialist (70)
      • religious polemicist (11)
      • religious writer (64)
      • theologian (247)
      • writer on witchcraft and the occult (1)
    • saint (227)
    • Open Section spiritualism and the occult (23)
      • astrologist (10)
      • spiritualist (6)
      • witch or occultist (9)
    • theosophist (1)
  • Open Section Royalty, rulers, and aristocracy (2,692)
    • Open Section aristocrats and other title holders (874)
      • claimant (2)
      • clan chieftain (65)
      • dynast (4)
      • knight (13)
      • magnate (452)
      • nobleman or noblewoman (339)
    • Australasian royalty (1)
    • Open Section court life (274)
      • courtier (171)
      • royal entertainer or performer (5)
      • royal favourite (6)
      • royal minister (24)
      • royal servant or official (67)
      • royal tutor (5)
    • Open Section early and regional rulers (341)
      • British early ruler (3)
      • English early ruler (139)
      • Hebrides and Man and the Isles early ruler (6)
      • Irish early ruler (63)
      • Roman empire early ruler (2)
      • Scottish early ruler (52)
      • viking early ruler (5)
      • Welsh early ruler (76)
    • Open Section landowners (1,367)
      • Baron (660)
      • gentry (462)
      • landed person (246)
    • Open Section royalty in Africa (2)
      • African king (2)
    • Open Section royalty in continental Europe (104)
      • count of Anjou (6)
      • duke of Normandy (11)
      • duke or duchess of Aquitaine (22)
      • European royal family (55)
      • king of Denmark (5)
      • king of Norway (2)
      • king or regent of France (7)
      • other ruler in continental Europe (8)
    • Open Section royalty in England (927-1707) (248)
      • claimant or their consort in England (927-1707) (19)
      • consort in England (927-1707) (47)
      • monarch in England (927-1707) (73)
      • regent or lord protector in England (927-1707) (1)
      • royal child, family, or mistress in England (927-1707) (121)
    • Open Section royalty in Great Britain (1707-1801) (12)
      • claimant or their consort in Great Britain (1707-1801) (12)
    • Open Section royalty in Ireland (1177-1801) (164)
      • claimant or their consort in Ireland (1177-1801) (20)
      • consort in Ireland (1177-1801) (33)
      • lord or monarch in Ireland (1177-1801) (36)
      • royal child, family, or mistress in Ireland (1177-1801) (80)
    • royalty in North American (2)
    • Open Section royalty in Scotland (1005-1707) (137)
      • claimant or their consort in Scotland (1005-1707) (18)
      • consort in Scotland (1005-1707) (31)
      • monarch in Scotland (1005-1707) (47)
      • regent or lord protector in Scotland (1005-1707) (8)
      • royal child, family, or mistress in Scotland (1005-1707) (43)
    • Open Section royalty in United Kingdom (1801-) (3)
      • regent in United Kingdom (1801-) (3)
    • writer or scholar on royalty (16)
  • Open Section Science and technology (223)
    • Open Section