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Acworth, Angus Whiteford (1898–1981), financier and conservationist  

Simon Swynfen Jervis

Acworth, Angus Whiteford (1898–1981), financier and conservationist, was born on 20 October 1898 at Braeside, Shoot Up Hill, Cricklewood, London, the only son and second of the four children of Joseph John Acworth (1853–1927), businessman, and his wife, Marion Whiteford, née Stevenson (1870–1964)...

Article

Alexander, Sir Kenneth John Wilson [Ken] (1922–2001), economist, university administrator, and public servant  

Ian A. Olson

Alexander, Sir Kenneth John Wilson [Ken] (1922–2001), economist, university administrator, and public servant, was born on 14 March 1922 at 12 Kilmaurs Terrace, Edinburgh, the only son of William Wilson Alexander (1888–1930), lawyer, and his wife, Mary Logan Grahame, née Wilson (1888–1975), tailoress. He won a scholarship to ...

Article

Armstrong, William, Baron Armstrong of Sanderstead (1915–1980), civil servant and banker  

Kevin Theakston

Armstrong, William, Baron Armstrong of Sanderstead (1915–1980), civil servant and banker, was born in the Salvation Mothers' Home, Mare Street, Clapton, London, on 3 March 1915, the elder son of William Armstrong, of Stirling, and his wife, Priscilla Hopkins. Both his parents were ...

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Cover Armstrong, William, Baron Armstrong of Sanderstead (1915–1980)

Armstrong, William, Baron Armstrong of Sanderstead (1915–1980)  

Maker: Arnold Newman

In 

William Armstrong, Baron Armstrong of Sanderstead (1915–1980) by Arnold Newman, 1978 Arnold Newman / Getty Images; collection National Portrait Gallery, London

Article

Caine, Sir Michael Harris (1927–1999), businessman  

Arthur Green

Caine, Sir Michael Harris (1927–1999), businessman, was born at the Hollies Nursing Home, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, on 17 June 1927, the son of Sir Sydney Caine (1902–1991), an official in the Colonial Office and a university administrator, and his wife, Muriel Ann Maud Harris (...

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Cover Clodd, Edward (1840–1930)

Clodd, Edward (1840–1930)  

Maker: Emil Otto Hoppé

In 

Edward Clodd (1840–1930) by Emil Otto Hoppé, c. 1909 by permission of the E. O. Hoppé Trust, Curatorial Assistance, Inc., Los Angeles; collection National Portrait Gallery, London

Article

Clodd, Edward (1840–1930), banker and popular anthropologist  

E. S. P. Haynes

revised by J. F. M. Clark

Clodd, Edward (1840–1930), banker and popular anthropologist, was born at Queen Street, Margate, Kent, on 1 July 1840, the eldest child of Edward Clodd and his wife, Susan Parker. Of his six brothers and sisters four died in infancy and two did not survive childhood. His father was a ...

Article

Cohen, Ruth Louisa (1906–1991), economist and college head  

Gillian Sutherland

Cohen, Ruth Louisa (1906–1991), economist and college head, was born on 10 November 1906 in Bushey Heath, Hertfordshire, the second child and elder daughter of the two daughters and three sons of Walter Samuel Cohen (1870–1960), barrister and financier, and his wife, Lucy Margaret, ...

Article

Cowan, Sir Robert (1932–1993), businessman and public servant  

Gavin McCrone

Cowan, Sir Robert (1932–1993), businessman and public servant, was born on 27 July 1932 at Inverleith, Edinburgh, the youngest child and only son of John McQueen Cowan (1892–1960) and his wife, Adeline May, née Organe (d. 1981). His father, a distinguished botanist on the staff of the ...

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Cover Cudlipp, Hubert Kinsman [Hugh], Baron Cudlipp (1913–1998)

Cudlipp, Hubert Kinsman [Hugh], Baron Cudlipp (1913–1998)  

Maker: Henri Cartier-Bresson

In 

Hubert Kinsman Cudlipp, Baron Cudlipp (1913–1998) by Henri Cartier-Bresson, 1961 © Henri Cartier-Bresson / Magnum Photos; collection National Portrait Gallery, London

Article

Cudlipp, Hubert Kinsman [Hugh], Baron Cudlipp (1913–1998), journalist and publishing executive  

Anthony Howard

revised

Cudlipp, Hubert Kinsman [Hugh], Baron Cudlipp (1913–1998), journalist and publishing executive, was born at 118 Lisvane Street, Cardiff, on 28 August 1913, the youngest son in the family of three sons and one daughter of William Christopher Cudlipp, commercial traveller for a provision merchant, and his wife, ...

Article

Hayek, Friedrich August (1899–1992), economist and political philosopher  

Samuel Brittan

Hayek, Friedrich August (1899–1992), economist and political philosopher, was born in Vienna on 8 May 1899, the eldest of three sons of August Josef Gustav von Hayek (1871–1928), physician and botanist, and his wife, Felicitas Johanna Valerie, née von Juraschek (1875–1967), daughter of ...

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Cover Hayek, Friedrich August (1899–1992)

Hayek, Friedrich August (1899–1992)  

Maker: Ramsey & Muspratt

In 

Friedrich August Hayek (1899–1992) by Ramsey & Muspratt, 1940s © National Portrait Gallery, London

Article

Layton, Walter Thomas, first Baron Layton (1884–1966), economist and newspaper proprietor  

Richard S. Grayson

Layton, Walter Thomas, first Baron Layton (1884–1966), economist and newspaper proprietor, was born in Chelsea, London, on 15 March 1884, the second son and third of the four children of Alfred John Layton (1849–1934), of The Chalet, Fulham Park Road, London, and his wife, ...

Article

Marcroft, William (1822–1894), co-operative movement activist and company promoter  

R. E. Tyson

Marcroft, William (1822–1894), co-operative movement activist and company promoter, was born on 15 July 1822 at Box Cottage, Fog Lane, Middleton, Lancashire, the illegitimate son of Sally Marcroft (1801–1841), a farm servant, and Richard Howarth, a weaver. Shortly after his birth he and his mother moved to ...

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Cover Marshall, Alfred (1842–1924)

Marshall, Alfred (1842–1924)  

Maker: Sir William Rothenstein

Alfred Marshall (1842–1924) by Sir William Rothenstein, 1908 by courtesy of the Estate of Sir William Rothenstein; collection St John's College, Cambridge

Article

Marshall, Alfred (1842–1924), economist  

Rita McWilliams Tullberg

Marshall, Alfred (1842–1924), economist, was born on 26 July 1842 at 66 Charlotte Road, Bermondsey, London, the second son of William Marshall (1812–1901), clerk at the Bank of England, and his wife, Rebecca Oliver (1817–1878), daughter of Thomas Oliver, a prosperous butcher. He had two brothers and two sisters....

Article

Marshall [née Paley], Mary (1850–1944), economist  

Rita McWilliams Tullberg

Marshall [née Paley], Mary (1850–1944), economist, was born on 24 October 1850 in the village of Ufford, near Stamford, the second daughter of the Revd Thomas Paley and his wife, Judith Wormald. She was the great-granddaughter of Archdeacon William Paley. Her sister and a younger brother also survived into adulthood....

Article

Meade, James Edward (1907–1995), economist  

Susan Howson

Meade, James Edward (1907–1995), economist, was born on 23 June 1907 at Broome, Swanage, Dorset, the second child and only son of Charles Hippisley Meade (b. 1866/7?) and his wife, Kathleen Cotton (Kitty), née Stapleton (b. 1884), daughter of George Cotton Stapleton...

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Cover Meade, James Edward (1907–1995)

Meade, James Edward (1907–1995)  

Maker: Walter Stoneman

In 

James Edward Meade (1907–1995) by Walter Stoneman, 1951 © National Portrait Gallery, London