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Article

Mapondera, Kadungure (1840s–1904), warrior chief in Africa  

Ian Phimister

Publication History:

Published in print:
23 September 2004
Published online:
23 September 2004

Mapondera, Kadungure (1840s–1904), warrior chief in Africa, was born at Nyota, a mountain stronghold of the Negomo dynasty, in what is now northern Mashonaland, Zimbabwe. Mapondera's mother, Mwera, was a mhondwa, a slave wife, but there is no agreement as to who his father was. Some accounts favour ...

Article

Sandile (c. 1820–1878), chief of the Ngqika Xhosa  

J. B. Peires

Publication History:

Published in print:
23 September 2004
Published online:
23 September 2004

Sandile (c. 1820–1878), chief of the Ngqika Xhosa, son of Chief Ngqika and his great wife, Sutu, was born in independent Xhosa near the later Fort Beaufort in South Africa. He was installed as chief in 1842 and led the Ngqika Xhosa until his death in battle in 1878. In accordance with Xhosa custom he had several wives and many children. His great wife was ...