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Henry Beaufort (1375?–1447) stone effigy © English Heritage. NMR

Article

Beaufort, Henry [called the Cardinal of England] (1375?–1447), bishop of Winchester and cardinal, was the second of four illegitimate children of John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster (1340–1399), and Katherine Swynford (1350?–1403), daughter of the Hainaulter Sir Payn Roelt, who was governess to the duke's children [...

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Henry Benedict (1725–1807) by Louis-Gabriel Blanchet, 1748 private collection

Article

Henry Benedict [Henry Benedict Stuart; styled Henry; known as Cardinal York] (1725–1807), cardinal and Jacobite claimant to the English, Scottish, and Irish thrones, was born Henry Benedict Thomas Edward Maria Clement Francis Xavier in the Palazzo Muti in Rome on 6 March 1725, and baptized there some hours later by ...

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Thomas Wolsey (1470/7171–1530) by unknown artist, late 16th cent. [original, c.1520] © National Portrait Gallery, London

Article

Wolsey, Thomas (1470/71–1530), royal minister, archbishop of York, and cardinal, was the son of Robert Wulcy or Wolsey of Ipswich (d. 1496) and his wife, Joan Daundy (d. 1509). Wolsey's father ran a tavern in the parish of St Mary at the Elms, Ipswich...