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Abendana, Jacob (c. 1630–1685), leader of the Sephardi Jewish community in London, was born in Spain and was taken with his brother Isaac Abendana to Hamburg, Germany, as a child. Jacob studied at the Yeshiva de los Pintos at Rotterdam, and at the age of twenty-five he was already a rabbi in ...

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Abramsky, Yehezkel (1886–1976), rabbinic scholar and Orthodox Jewish leader, was born on or about 7 February 1886 in Dashkovtsy, near Most and Grodno, Lithuania, the third child and eldest son of Mordecai Zalman Abramsky, a local timber merchant, and his wife, Freydel Goldin...

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Acland [née Cunningham], Alice Sophia, Lady Acland (1849–1935), co-operative movement activist and advocate of women's advancement, was born on 3 February 1849 at Heath Lodge, Petersfield, Hampshire, the eldest daughter of the Revd Francis Macaulay Cunningham (1815/16–1899) and his wife, née Alice Charlotte Poore...

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Adler, Henrietta [Nettie] (1868–1950), social worker and Jewish political activist, was born in London on 1 December 1868, the elder daughter of Rabbi Dr Hermann Adler (1839–1911) and his wife, Rachel Joseph (d. 1912). Her father was the son of Dr Nathan Marcus Adler...

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Ahmad Khan, Sir Saiyid [Syed Ahmed Khan] (1817–1898), Muslim leader in India, was born on 17 October 1817 in Khwaja Farid's haveli (mansion) near the Tiraha Bahram Khan in Delhi, the youngest of the three children (two boys and one girl) of ...

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Alex, (Edward) Ephraim (1800–1882), founder of the Jewish Board of Guardians, was born on 12 December 1800 in St Katherine in the City of London. He was the eldest surviving son of Solomon Alex, dentist, of 11 Finsbury Place, Finsbury, and 21 Jewry Street, Aldgate...

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Alexander, Albert Victor, Earl Alexander of Hillsborough (1885–1965), politician and co-operator, was born at 59 George Street, Weston-super-Mare, Somerset, on 1 May 1885, the son of Albert Alexander (d. 1886), a blacksmith, and his wife, Eliza Jane, née Thatcher. On his father's death his mother moved back to her parents' house in ...

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Albert Victor Alexander, Earl Alexander of Hillsborough (1885–1965) by Howard Coster, 1942 © National Portrait Gallery, London

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Alexander, David Lindo (1842–1922), lawyer and Jewish community leader, was born at 6 South Street, London, on 5 October 1842, second son in the large family of solicitor Joshua Alexander and his wife, Jemima (b. 1819), one of eighteen children of David Abarbanel Lindo...

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S. V. FitzGerald

revised by Roger T. Stearn

Ameer Ali, Saiyid (1849–1928), judge and Muslim leader in India, was born on 6 April 1849 at Chinsura, Bengal, the fourth son of Saiyid Saadat Ali Khan (who died of cholera in 1856) of Mohan, Oudh, and his wife, the daughter of Shamsuddin Khan...

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Saiyid Ameer Ali (1849–1928) by Walter Stoneman, 1917 © National Portrait Gallery, London

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Asher, Asher (1837–1889), physician and community worker, was born on 16 February 1837 in Glasgow, the first son of Philip Asher, son of Rabbi Zev Wolf of Lublin, and his wife, Hannah, a native of the Netherlands. From an early age he was an assiduous scholar of Jewish and secular subjects, winning prizes at ...

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See Rochdale Pioneers

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See Rochdale Pioneers

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Bailey, Sir John [Jack] (1898–1969), politician and co-operative movement activist, was born on 1 January 1898 in Miskin, Mountain Ash, Glamorgan, one of six children of John Bailey, miner, and his wife, Sarah Ann. Bailey attended Gwyn Ivor School, Miskin, until he was twelve. Working initially in a cobbler's shop, he entered the mines as a collier's boy. An accident in 1915 forced him to take a surface job, and in 1917 he enlisted in the ...

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Barton [née Stockton], Eleanor (1872–1960), socialist and co-operative movement activist, was born in Ardwick, Manchester, on 13 July 1872 (her birth, like those of her siblings, appears not to have been registered), the only daughter and second of four children (she had three brothers) of ...

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James Keir Baxter (1926–1972) by unknown photographer [detail] Alexander Turnbull Library, National Library of New Zealand, Te Puna Matauranga o Aotearoa

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Baxter, James Keir (1926–1972), poet and publicist, was born on 29 June 1926 at 97 Elm Row, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand, the son of Archibald McColl Learmond Baxter (1881–1970), a small farmer descended from immigrant Scottish highlanders, and his wife, Millicent Amiel Macmillan Brown (1888–1984)...

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Bennett, Louise [Louie] (1870–1956), suffragist, trade unionist, and pacifist, was born in Temple Road, Temple Hill, near Dublin, the eldest of five daughters and five sons of an auctioneer and antiques valuer called Bennett and his wife, Susan Boulger, daughter of an army...

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Bentwich, Herbert (1856–1932), lawyer and Zionist leader, was born on 11 May 1856 at 57 Church Lane, Whitechapel, London, the youngest of three children (he had a brother and a sister) of Marks, or Mattos (Mattathias), Bentwitch, a jeweller who had immigrated from ...