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Allen, (Reginald) Clifford, Baron Allen of Hurtwood (1889–1939), politician and peace campaigner  

David Howell

Allen, (Reginald) Clifford, Baron Allen of Hurtwood (1889–1939), politician and peace campaigner, was born at St Olave's, Slow Park, Newport, Monmouthshire, on 9 May 1889. As an adult he was always known as Clifford Allen, or by close friends as CA. He had a brother, ...

Article

Birch [formerly Catlin-Birch], Reginald (1914–1994), trade unionist and political activist  

Geoffrey Goodman

Birch [formerly Catlin-Birch], Reginald (1914–1994), trade unionist and political activist, was born Reginald Catlin-Birch on 7 June 1914 at 4 Chichester Terrace, Kilburn, London, one of the five children of Charles Catlin-Birch (d. 1928), house painter and builder, and his wife, ...

Article

Black, Clementina Maria (1853–1922), political activist, suffragist, and writer  

Janet E. Grenier

Black, Clementina Maria (1853–1922), political activist, suffragist, and writer, was born on 27 July 1853 in Brighton, the eldest girl in the family of five daughters and three sons of David Black, solicitor, town clerk, and coroner of Brighton, and his wife, Clara Maria (1825–1875)...

Article

Chilembwe, John (c. 1870–1915), Baptist minister and anti-colonial rebel  

Michael Twaddle

Chilembwe, John (c. 1870–1915), Baptist minister and anti-colonial rebel, was probably born at Sangano, Chiradzulu, in modern Malawi, of a Yao father (reportedly called Kaundama), and a Mang'anja or Cewa slave mother (reportedly called Nyangu). Very little is known of his early life. He acquired a basic knowledge of English from one of the earliest outposts of Scottish Presbyterian missionaries. In 1892 he became ‘cook boy’ to the recently arrived independent English missionary ...

Article

Duff [née Eames], Margaret Doreen [Peggy] (1910–1981), political activist  

Sybil Oldfield

Duff [née Eames], Margaret Doreen [Peggy] (1910–1981), political activist, was born at 51 Wolseley Gardens, Chiswick, Middlesex, on 8 February 1910, the elder daughter and middle child of Frank Eames, stockbrokers' clerk, organist, and later secretary of the Incorporated Society of Musicians...

Article

Keenan, Brian Paschal (1941–2008), Irish republican activist  

Sean Swan

Keenan, Brian Paschal (1941–2008), Irish republican activist, was born on 17 July 1941 in Dysert, Draperstown, co. Londonderry, the son of Henry Keenan, an accountant then serving as a warrant officer in the RAF and stationed at RAF Pocklington, Yorkshire, and his wife, ...

Article

Mitchison [née Haldane], Naomi Mary Margaret, Lady Mitchison (1897–1999), writer and social activist  

Elizabeth Maslen

Mitchison [née Haldane], Naomi Mary Margaret, Lady Mitchison (1897–1999), writer and social activist, was born on 1 November 1897 at 10 Randolph Crescent, Edinburgh, the younger child of John Scott Haldane (1860–1936), physiologist, and his wife, (Louisa) Kathleen (1863–1961), an active suffragist, daughter of ...

Article

Murray, (George) Gilbert Aimé (1866–1957), classical scholar and internationalist  

Christopher Stray

Murray, (George) Gilbert Aimé (1866–1957), classical scholar and internationalist, was born in Sydney, Australia, on 2 January 1866, the second son of Sir Terence Aubrey Murray (1810–1873) and his second wife, Agnes Ann, née Edwards (c.1835–1891). Murray's father, a prosperous stock farmer, had been since 1862 president of the legislative council of ...

Article

Nevinson, Henry Woodd (1856–1941), social activist and journalist  

H. N. Brailsford

revised by Sinéad Agnew

Nevinson, Henry Woodd (1856–1941), social activist and journalist, was born at 5 South Fields Place, Leicester, on 11 October 1856, the second son of George Nevinson, a solicitor, and his wife, Maria Jane, née Woodd, who raised him in a strictly evangelical atmosphere. In 1872 he won a scholarship at ...

Article

Philipps, Wogan, second Baron Milford (1902–1993), political activist and artist  

C. V. J. Griffiths

Philipps, Wogan, second Baron Milford (1902–1993), political activist and artist, was born at Manor House, High Street, Brentwood, Essex, on 25 February 1902, the eldest child in the family of five sons and one daughter of Laurence Richard Philipps, first Baron Milford (1874–1962)...

Article

Pritt, Denis Nowell (1887–1972), lawyer and political activist  

Kevin Morgan

Pritt, Denis Nowell (1887–1972), lawyer and political activist, was born at Fern Bank, Greenhill Park, Harlesden, Middlesex, on 22 September 1887, the younger of two children of Harry Walter Pritt, metal merchant, and his wife, Mary Owen Wilson. Educated at Winchester College (1901–5), and ...

Article

Reeves, William Pember (1857–1932), diplomatist and political activist  

Michael C. Pugh

Reeves, William Pember (1857–1932), diplomatist and political activist, was born on 10 February 1857 in Lyttelton, Canterbury, New Zealand. He was the second of eight surviving children of William Reeves (1825–1891), businessman, originally of Clapham, and his wife, Ellen (1833–1919), daughter of John Pember...

Article

Russell, Bertrand Arthur William, third Earl Russell (1872–1970), philosopher, journalist, and political campaigner  

Ray Monk

Russell, Bertrand Arthur William, third Earl Russell (1872–1970), philosopher, journalist, and political campaigner, was born on 18 May 1872 at Ravenscroft, Trelleck, Monmouthshire, the youngest among the three children of John Russell, Viscount Amberley (1842–1876) (the eldest son of the first Earl Russell...

Article

Rust, William Charles (1903–1949), political activist and journalist  

Kevin Morgan

Rust, William Charles (1903–1949), political activist and journalist, was born on 24 April 1903 at 5 Eastdene Street, St George's Road, Camberwell, London, the son of Frederick George Rust, journeyman bookbinder, and his wife, Eliza Rogers. He left school at fourteen and worked as an office boy at ...

Article

Wintringham, Thomas Henry [Tom] (1898–1949), socialist activist and military theorist  

Adrian Smith

Wintringham, Thomas Henry [Tom] (1898–1949), socialist activist and military theorist, was born on 15 May 1898 in Grimsby, Lincolnshire, the third child of John Fildes Wintringham (1866–1940), a solicitor, and his wife, Eliza Mapson Workman (1868–1937). Both his parents' families were nonconformist in religion and in politics, and Gladstonian Liberalism was to prove a lasting influence. Educated at ...