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Ayub Khan, Mohammad (1907–1974), president of Pakistan, was born on 14 May 1907 at Rehana, in the Hazara district of the North-West Frontier Province of undivided British India. He was the fifth child of Mir Dad Khan, a retired Indian army junior officer. The family were comfortably off, but not wealthy members of the ...

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Badawi, (Mohammed Aboulkhair) Zaki (1922–2006), scholar of Islam and Muslim community leader, was born on 14 January (or possibly 11 August) 1922 at Sharkia, outside Cairo, Egypt, the son of Zaki Badawi, a university lecturer. He entered al-Azhar University in Cairo, arguably the most prestigious major place of learning for ...

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Khan, Abdul Ghaffar (1890–1988), Pakhtun nationalist, was born in the village of Utmanzai in the Peshawar district of the North-West Frontier Province. He was the fourth child of Khan Behram Khan, an influential Muhammadzai landlord. Following admission to a mosque school at the age of five, he was educated at the ...

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Muhammad Ali Khan Walahjah (c. 1717–1795), nawab of Arcot, was born the third of five sons of Anwar ud-Din Khan Anwar ud-Din Khan (1674?–1749), whom Asaf Jah, the Mughal subahdar of the Deccan and first nizam of Hyderabad, appointed nawab (deputy) of his subordinate ...

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Mujibur Rahman, Sheikh (1920–1975), president of Bangladesh, was born in Tungipara, Faridpur district, Bengal, on 17 March 1920, the first of six children of Sheikh Lutfur Rahman, a middle-class landowner, and Sahera Begum. He had one brother and four sisters. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman...

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Zia ul Haq, Mohammad (1922–1988), president of Pakistan, was born on 12 August 1922 in Jullundur in the pre-partition Punjab province of British India. He was born into a lower-middle-class Arain family. This was not the martial caste background from which the Indian army traditionally drew its Punjabi Muslim recruits. ...