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Aigueblanche, Peter d' [Peter de Aqua Blanca] (d. 1268), bishop of Hereford and royal councillor  

Nicholas Vincent

Aigueblanche, Peter d' [Peter de Aqua Blanca] (d. 1268), bishop of Hereford and royal councillor, was descended from the family of Briançon, holders of the lordship of Aigueblanche (Savoie) in the Tarentaise or valley of the upper Isère, dependants of the counts of Savoy...

Article

Brett, Reginald Baliol, second Viscount Esher (1852–1930), courtier  

William M. Kuhn

Brett, Reginald Baliol, second Viscount Esher (1852–1930), courtier, was born on 30 June 1852 at 19 Prince's Terrace, Kensington, London, the eldest of three children of William Baliol Brett, first Viscount Esher (1815–1899), barrister and later master of the rolls, and his wife, ...

Article

Calvert, George, first Baron Baltimore (1579/80–1632), courtier and colonist in America  

John D. Krugler

Calvert, George, first Baron Baltimore (1579/80–1632), courtier and colonist in America, was born in Kiplin in Catterick parish, Yorkshire, the son of Leonard Calvert (b. c.1550) and Alica Crosland (d. early 1580s). He was descended from a Roman Catholic family that had been in ...

Article

Carey, Henry, first Baron Hunsdon (1526–1596), courtier and administrator  

Wallace T. MacCaffrey

Carey, Henry, first Baron Hunsdon (1526–1596), courtier and administrator, was born on 4 March 1526, the only son of William Carey (c. 1496–1528), courtier, of Aldenham, Hertfordshire, and his wife, Mary [see Stafford, Mary (c. 1499-1543)], royal mistress, daughter of Thomas Boleyn, ...

Article

Catesby, William (b. in or before 1446, d. 1485), royal councillor and speaker of the House of Commons  

Rosemary Horrox

Catesby, William (b. in or before 1446, d. 1485), royal councillor and speaker of the House of Commons, was the son of Sir William Catesby (d. 1478/9) of Ashby St Ledgers [see under Catesby family] and his first wife, Philippa Bishopestone...

Article

Cecil, Robert, first earl of Salisbury (1563–1612), politician and courtier  

Pauline Croft

Cecil, Robert, first earl of Salisbury (1563–1612), politician and courtier, was born on 1 June 1563 at Cecil House, Strand, Westminster, the second surviving child and only son of William Cecil, first Baron Burghley (1520/21–1598), statesman, then secretary of state and from 1572 lord treasurer, and his second wife, ...

Article

Cecil, Thomas, first earl of Exeter (1542–1623), courtier and soldier  

Richard Milward

Cecil, Thomas, first earl of Exeter (1542–1623), courtier and soldier, was born in Cambridge on 5 May 1542, the eldest son of William Cecil, first Baron Burghley (1520/21–1598), and his first wife, Mary (c.1520–1544), sister of John Cheke. His mother died when he was less than two years old and he never seems to have aroused any affection in his puritanical stepmother, ...

Article

Cecil, William, first Baron Burghley (1520/21–1598), royal minister  

Wallace T. MacCaffrey

Cecil, William, first Baron Burghley (1520/21–1598), royal minister, son of Richard Cecil (d. 1553) and Jane, daughter of William Heckington of Bourne, Lincolnshire, and grandson of David Cecil, was born on 18 September 1520 or 1521. David Cecil, a member of a minor gentry family on the Welsh border, joined ...

Article

Churchill [née Jenyns], Sarah, duchess of Marlborough (1660–1744), politician and courtier  

James Falkner

Churchill [née Jenyns], Sarah, duchess of Marlborough (1660–1744), politician and courtier, was born on 5 June 1660, probably at Holywell, St Albans, Hertfordshire, the fourth and youngest daughter of Richard Jenyns (c.1618–1668), whose name is often spelt Jennings by later writers, and his wife, ...

Article

Cromwell, Thomas, earl of Essex (b. in or before 1485, d. 1540), royal minister  

Howard Leithead

Cromwell, Thomas, earl of Essex (b. in or before 1485, d. 1540), royal minister, was the son of Walter Cromwell of Putney, Surrey, who made his name there as a blacksmith, fuller, and cloth merchant, as well as the owner of both a hostelry and a brewery. All that is known of his mother is that she was the aunt of ...

Article

Erskine, John, eighteenth or second earl of Mar (c. 1562–1634), courtier and politician  

Julian Goodare

Erskine, John, eighteenth or second earl of Mar (c. 1562–1634), courtier and politician, was the eldest son of John Erskine, seventeenth or first earl of Mar (d. 1572), and his wife, Annabella Murray (d. 1603). His extensive estates were mainly in Stirlingshire...

Article

Gage, Sir John (1479–1556), military administrator and courtier  

David Potter

Gage, Sir John (1479–1556), military administrator and courtier, was born on 28 October 1479 at Burstow, Surrey, the only son of William Gage of Burstow (d. 1497) and Agnes (d. 1501), daughter of Bartholomew Bolney, of Bolney, Sussex. He was baptized the same day at ...

Article

Hatton, Sir Christopher (c. 1540–1591), courtier and politician  

Wallace T. MacCaffrey

Hatton, Sir Christopher (c. 1540–1591), courtier and politician, was the second son of William Hatton (d. 1547) of Holdenby, Northamptonshire, and Alice, daughter of Lawrence Saunders. The family were lesser gentry with modest resources. Hatton entered St Mary Hall, Oxford, c.1556–7, probably as a gentleman commoner, where ...

Article

Home, George, earl of Dunbar (d. 1611), courtier and administrator  

Maurice Lee jun.

Home, George, earl of Dunbar (d. 1611), courtier and administrator, was the fourth son of Alexander Home of Manderston (d. 1593) and Janet Home (d. 1593), daughter of George Home of Spott. The date of his birth is uncertain. There were many divisions among the ...

Article

Howard, Bernard Marmaduke Fitzalan-, sixteenth duke of Norfolk (1908–1975), courtier  

Michael Maclagan

revised

Howard, Bernard Marmaduke Fitzalan-, sixteenth duke of Norfolk (1908–1975), courtier, was born at Arundel Castle on 30 May 1908, the only son (there were also three daughters) of Henry Fitzalan-Howard, fifteenth duke of Norfolk (1847–1917), and his second wife, Gwendolen Mary Constable-Maxwell (1877–1945)...

Article

Maitland, William, of Lethington (1525x30–1573), courtier and diplomat  

Mark Loughlin

Maitland, William, of Lethington (1525x30–1573), courtier and diplomat, was the eldest son of Sir Richard Maitland of Lethington (1496–1586), courtier, judge, and writer, and Mary or Mariota Cranstoun (d. 1586), daughter of Sir Thomas Cranstoun of Corsbie. His younger brothers were John Maitland...

Article

Radcliffe, Thomas, third earl of Sussex (1526/7–1583), lord lieutenant of Ireland and courtier  

Wallace T. MacCaffrey

Radcliffe, Thomas, third earl of Sussex (1526/7–1583), lord lieutenant of Ireland and courtier, was the eldest son of Henry Radcliffe, second earl of Sussex (d. 1557) [see under Radcliffe, Robert, first earl of Sussex], and his first wife, Lady Elizabeth (...

Article

Seymour [née Percy], Elizabeth, duchess of Somerset (1667–1722), courtier and politician  

R. O. Bucholz

Seymour [née Percy], Elizabeth, duchess of Somerset (1667–1722), courtier and politician, was born on 26 January 1667 at Petworth, Sussex, and baptized there on 29 January. She was the only surviving daughter and heir of Joceline Percy, eleventh earl of Northumberland (1644–1670)...

Article

Sidney, Sir Philip (1554–1586), author and courtier  

H. R. Woudhuysen

Sidney, Sir Philip (1554–1586), author and courtier, was born on 30 November 1554 at Penshurst, Kent, the first of seven children of Sir Henry Sidney (1529–1586) and his wife, Mary Sidney (1530x35–1586), daughter of John Dudley, duke of Northumberland, and his wife, Jane Guildford...

Article

Somerset [formerly Beaufort], Charles, first earl of Worcester (c. 1460–1526), courtier and magnate  

Jonathan Hughes

Somerset [formerly Beaufort], Charles, first earl of Worcester (c. 1460–1526), courtier and magnate, was the illegitimate son of Henry Beaufort, second duke of Somerset (1436–1464), and his mistress Joan Hill. His mother was still alive in 1493, when Henry VII gave her an annuity. He was thus a cousin both of ...