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Acland, Sir Henry Wentworth, first baronet (1815–1900), physician  

Robert Fox

Acland, Sir Henry Wentworth, first baronet (1815–1900), physician, was the fifth of the nine children and the fourth son of Sir Thomas Dyke Acland, tenth baronet (1787–1871), and Lydia Elizabeth Hoare (d. 1856). Born at the family home of Killerton, at Broadclyst...

Article

Addison, Thomas (1795–1860), physician  

N. G. Coley

Addison, Thomas (1795–1860), physician, was born in April 1795 at Long Benton, near Newcastle upon Tyne, the younger son of Joseph Addison (1756–1823), a grocer and flour dealer, and his wife, Sarah, née Shaw (1761–1841). Educated privately and at Newcastle grammar school, Addison...

Article

Aikin, John (1747–1822), physician and writer  

Marilyn L. Brooks

Aikin, John (1747–1822), physician and writer, was born on 15 January 1747 at Kibworth Harcourt, Leicestershire, the younger child and only son of John Aikin (1713–1780), theologian, and his wife, Jane Jennings (1714–1785). He had an elder sister, who, under her married name of ...

Article

Akenside, Mark (1721–1770), poet and physician  

Robin Dix

Akenside, Mark (1721–1770), poet and physician, was born on 9 November 1721 in Butcher Bank, St Nicholas, Newcastle upon Tyne, the sixth of seven children of Mark Akenside (b. 1676), butcher, and his wife, Mary (1685–1760), daughter of William Lumsden. He was baptized on 30 November in the nonconformist meeting-house which his parents attended in ...

Article

Alderson, Sir James (1794–1882), physician  

Robert Harrison

revised by Michael Bevan

Alderson, Sir James (1794–1882), physician, was born in Hull on 30 December 1794, the fourth son of Dr John Alderson and his wife, Sarah Isabella (née Scott; d. 1805), and was baptized in the Bowl Alley Presbyterian Church, Hull, on 18 April 1795. He received his early education at the school of the ...

Article

Alexander, Frederick Matthias (1869–1955), originator of the Alexander technique and teacher  

Malcolm Williamson

Alexander, Frederick Matthias (1869–1955), originator of the Alexander technique and teacher, was born on 20 January 1869 at Wynyard, north-west Tasmania, the eldest of seven children of John Alexander (1843–1936), farmer and blacksmith, and his wife, Betsy Brown (d. 1923), a nurse....

Article

Alison, William Pulteney (1790–1859), physician and social reformer  

L. S. Jacyna

Alison, William Pulteney (1790–1859), physician and social reformer, born at Boroughmuirhead near Edinburgh on 12 November 1790, was the son of Archibald Alison (1757–1839), who was in charge of the Episcopal congregation in Edinburgh as well as being a noted author, and his wife, ...

Article

Allbutt, Sir (Thomas) Clifford (1836–1925), physician  

H. D. Rolleston

revised by Alexander G. Bearn

Allbutt, Sir (Thomas) Clifford (1836–1925), physician, born at Dewsbury, Yorkshire, on 20 July 1836, was the only son of the Revd Thomas Allbutt, vicar of Dewsbury, and his wife, Marianne, daughter of Robert Wooler, of Dewsbury. Allbutt was sent to St Peter's School, York...

Article

Allen, John (1660?–1741), physician  

J. F. Payne

revised by Anita McConnell

Allen, John (1660?–1741), physician, whose origins and early life are unknown, was admitted extra-licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians on 13 September 1692. He practised at Bridgwater, Somerset, and was married, though the name of his wife is unknown, with at least one son. ...

Article

Andree, John (1697/8–1785), physician  

D. D. Gibbs

Andree, John (1697/8–1785), physician, was the co-founder of the London Hospital. Little is known of his origins except that he was probably descended from a Huguenot family named André, some of whom travelled to London from Geneva as refugees at the end of the sixteenth century. The paucity of documentation suggests that the family were of humble status. ...

Article

Arbuthnot [Arbuthnott], John (bap. 1667, d. 1735), physician and satirist  

Angus Ross

Arbuthnot [Arbuthnott], John (bap. 1667, d. 1735), physician and satirist, was baptized on 29 April 1667 at Arbuthnott, Kincardineshire, on the north-east Scottish coast, near Stonehaven, the eldest son of Alexander Arbuthnott (c.1636–1691), minister of Arbuthnott, and Margaret, daughter of John Lammie (or Lamy)...

Article

Armstrong, John (1784–1829), physician  

Anita McConnell

Armstrong, John (1784–1829), physician, was born on 8 May 1784 near Bishopwearmouth, co. Durham, the only surviving child of seven born to George Armstrong (d. 1815), superintendent of a glassworks at Ayres Quay, and his wife, Ann, née Robson (d. 1812)...

Article

Arnott, Neil (1788–1874), physician and public health reformer  

Bill Luckin

Arnott, Neil (1788–1874), physician and public health reformer, the son of William Arnott, a manufacturer and farmer, and his wife, Ann Maclean, was born at Arbroath in Forfarshire, Scotland, on 15 May 1788. A Roman Catholic by upbringing, he was educated by his mother, at the parish school of ...

Article

Baillie, Matthew (1761–1823), morbid anatomist and physician  

John Jones

Baillie, Matthew (1761–1823), morbid anatomist and physician, was born on 27 October 1761 at Shotts manse, Lanarkshire, the second but only surviving son of James Baillie (c.1722–1778) and his wife, Dorothea (c.1721–1806). They had an elder daughter, and also one younger, ...

Article

Baker, Sir George, first baronet (bap. 1723, d. 1809), physician  

Norman Moore

revised by Richard Adair

Baker, Sir George, first baronet (bap. 1723, d. 1809), physician, was born at Modbury, Devon, and baptized there on 8 February 1723, the son of George Baker, vicar of Modbury, and his wife, Bridget (d. 1734), daughter of Stephen Weston, bishop of ...

Article

Balfour, George William (1823–1903), physician and cardiologist  

G. A. Gibson

revised by Iain Milne

Balfour, George William (1823–1903), physician and cardiologist, was born at the manse, Sorn, Ayrshire, on 2 June 1823, the eighth of the thirteen children of Lewis Balfour DD and Henrietta Scott Balfour, third daughter of George Smith DD, the minister of Galston who was satirized by ...

Article

Bardsley, Sir James Lomax (1801–1876), physician  

Stella Butler

Bardsley, Sir James Lomax (1801–1876), physician, the son of Edward and Elizabeth Bardsley, was born at George Street, Nottingham, on 7 July 1801. He studied medicine in Glasgow and Edinburgh, and at St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, where he was taught by the surgeon ...

Article

Barlow, Sir Thomas, first baronet (1845–1945), physician  

Richard Aspin

Barlow, Sir Thomas, first baronet (1845–1945), physician, was born at Brantwood Fold, Edgworth, near Bolton, Lancashire, on 4 September 1845; he was the eldest of seven children of James Barlow (1821–1887) of Greenthorne, Edgworth, who established the cotton mills of Barlow and Jones...

Article

Barrowby, William (bap. 1682, d. 1758), physician  

Kaye Bagshaw

Barrowby, William (bap. 1682, d. 1758), physician, the son of John Barrowby, physician, and his wife, Abigail, was baptized at St Lawrence Jewry, London on 15 December 1682. After studying at Eton College he entered Trinity College, Oxford, on 6 November 1699 and graduated BA (1703), MA (1706), MB (1709), and MD (1713). He married ...

Article

Bartlett, Josiah (1729–1795), physician and revolutionary politician in America  

Dennis M. Conrad

Bartlett, Josiah (1729–1795), physician and revolutionary politician in America, was born on 21 November 1729 in Amesbury, Massachusetts, the seventh and youngest child of Stephen Bartlett, a shoemaker, and his wife, Hannah Webster. Josiah had little schooling before being apprenticed to a relative, ...