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Adair, Sir Robert (1763–1855), politician and diplomatist  

W. P. Courtney

revised by H. C. G. Matthew

Adair, Sir Robert (1763–1855), politician and diplomatist, was the son of Robert Adair, sergeant-surgeon to George III, and Lady Caroline Keppel. He was born on 24 May 1763, and was sent to Westminster School in 1773, and thence to the University of Göttingen...

Article

Alcock, Sir (John) Rutherford (1809–1897), diplomatist  

R. K. Douglas

revised by J. A. G. Roberts

Alcock, Sir (John) Rutherford (1809–1897), diplomatist, was born in Ealing on 17 May 1809, the son of the surgeon Thomas Alcock (1784–1833), who was then a doctor practising at Ealing, and his wife, Mary. He was educated at a school at ...

Article

Amherst, William Pitt, first Earl Amherst of Arracan (1773–1857), diplomatist and governor-general of Bengal  

Douglas M. Peers

Amherst, William Pitt, first Earl Amherst of Arracan (1773–1857), diplomatist and governor-general of Bengal, was born on 14 January 1773 in Bath, the first of three children of Lieutenant-General William Amherst (1732–1781), aide-de-camp to the king, governor of St John's, Newfoundland, and adjutant-general of the army, and his wife, ...

Article

Arbuthnot, Charles (1767–1850), diplomatist and politician  

Neville Thompson

Arbuthnot, Charles (1767–1850), diplomatist and politician, was born on 14 March 1767, the third son of John Arbuthnot (1729–1797), merchant, of Ravensbury near Mitcham, Surrey, and his third wife, Anne (d. 1782), daughter of Richard Stone, a London banker. The father's enterprise failed early in his son's life but in 1782 he was appointed inspector-general of the ...

Article

Baring, Evelyn, first earl of Cromer (1841–1917), diplomatist and proconsul  

J. G. Darwin

Baring, Evelyn, first earl of Cromer (1841–1917), diplomatist and proconsul, was born on 26 February 1841 at Cromer Hall, Norfolk, the ninth son of Henry Baring (1776–1848), banker, and his second wife, Cecilia Anne, née Windham (d. 1874). He was a grandson of ...

Article

Bentinck, Hans Willem [William], first earl of Portland (1649–1709), diplomat and politician  

Hugh Dunthorne and David Onnekink

Bentinck, Hans Willem [William], first earl of Portland (1649–1709), diplomat and politician, was born on 20 July 1649 ns at Diepenheim in the eastern Netherlands, the fifth of nine children of Berent Bentinck (1597–1668), lord of Diepenheim and drost (sheriff) of Deventer, and his wife, ...

Article

Bentinck, Lord William Henry Cavendish- [known as Lord William Bentinck] (1774–1839), army officer, diplomatist, and governor-general of India  

Douglas M. Peers

Bentinck, Lord William Henry Cavendish- [known as Lord William Bentinck] (1774–1839), army officer, diplomatist, and governor-general of India, was born on 14 September 1774 at Burlington House in London, the second son of William Henry Cavendish Cavendish-Bentinck, third duke of Portland (1738–1809)...

Article

Bertie, Francis Leveson, first Viscount Bertie of Thame (1844–1919), diplomatist  

Keith Hamilton

Bertie, Francis Leveson, first Viscount Bertie of Thame (1844–1919), diplomatist, was born on 17 August 1844 at 48 Charles Street, Mayfair, the second son of Montagu Bertie, sixth earl of Abingdon (1808–1884), and his wife, Elizabeth Lavinia (d. 1858), only daughter of ...

Article

Blackwood, Frederick Temple Hamilton-Temple-, first marquess of Dufferin and Ava (1826–1902), diplomatist  

Richard Davenport-Hines

Blackwood, Frederick Temple Hamilton-Temple-, first marquess of Dufferin and Ava (1826–1902), diplomatist, was born on 21 June 1826, in via Maggio, Florence, Italy, the only child of Price Blackwood (1794–1841), formerly captain in the Royal Navy, afterwards fourth Baron Dufferin and Claneboye in the Irish peerage, and his wife, ...

Article

Bodley, Sir Thomas (1545–1613), scholar, diplomat, and founder of the Bodleian Library, Oxford  

W. H. Clennell

Bodley, Sir Thomas (1545–1613), scholar, diplomat, and founder of the Bodleian Library, Oxford, was born on 2 March 1545 in a house on the corner of High Street and Gandy Street, Exeter, the eldest son of John Bodley (c. 1520–1591), religious radical and publisher, of ...

Article

Bowes, Sir Jerome (d. 1616), diplomat and glass maker  

M. Unkovskaya

Bowes, Sir Jerome (d. 1616), diplomat and glass maker, was the son of Sir John Bowes, landowner, of Elford, Staffordshire, and his wife, Anne, daughter of Richard Huddleston of Lancashire. For a man of his prominence and considerable notoriety, Bowes is rather an elusive person. He had a sister, ...

Article

Brooke, William, tenth Baron Cobham (1527–1597), nobleman and diplomat  

Julian Lock

Brooke, William, tenth Baron Cobham (1527–1597), nobleman and diplomat, was born on 1 November 1527, the eldest of seven surviving sons (there were also four daughters) of George Brooke, ninth Baron Cobham (c. 1497–1558), soldier and landowner, and his wife, Anne (c...

Article

Brown, Sir Robert, first baronet (d. 1760), politician and diplomatist  

William Hunt

revised by Philip Carter

Brown, Sir Robert, first baronet (d. 1760), politician and diplomatist, was the first son of William Brown, a London merchant, and his wife, Grisel Brice. As a young man he is said to have gone out to Venice with no other capital than a large second-hand wig, which he sold for ...

Article

Buchanan, Sir George William (1854–1924), diplomatist  

Zara Steiner

Buchanan, Sir George William (1854–1924), diplomatist, was born at Copenhagen on 25 November 1854, the fifth son of Sir Andrew Buchanan (1807–1882), of Dunburgh, and his wife, Frances Katharine (d. 1854), daughter of Edward Mellish, dean of Hereford. He was educated at ...

Article

Bullard, Sir Reader William (1885–1976), diplomatist  

E. C. Hodgkin

Bullard, Sir Reader William (1885–1976), diplomatist, was born in Walthamstow, London, on 5 December 1885, the younger child and only son of Charles Bullard (1850–1912), dock labourer, and his wife, Mary, née Westlake. The unpropitious opening to this life was conveyed in the first paragraph of ...

Article

Bulwer, (William) Henry Lytton Earle, Baron Dalling and Bulwer [formerly Sir Henry Bulwer] (1801–1872), diplomatist  

Muriel E. Chamberlain

Bulwer, (William) Henry Lytton Earle, Baron Dalling and Bulwer [formerly Sir Henry Bulwer] (1801–1872), diplomatist, was born at 31 Baker Street, Portman Square, London, on 13 February 1801. He was the second of the three sons of General William Earle Bulwer (1757–1807)...

Article

Caccia, Harold Anthony, Baron Caccia (1905–1990), diplomatist  

Sherfield

revised

Caccia, Harold Anthony, Baron Caccia (1905–1990), diplomatist, was born on 21 December 1905 in Pachmarhi, India, the only child of Anthony Mario Felix Caccia, of the Indian forest service, and his wife, Fanny Theodora, daughter of Azim Salvador Birch, of Erewhon and Oruamatua, New Zealand...

Article

Cadogan, William, Earl Cadogan (1671/2–1726), army officer and diplomat  

James Falkner

Cadogan, William, Earl Cadogan (1671/2–1726), army officer and diplomat, was born at Liscarton, co. Meath, the eldest son of Henry Cadogan (d. 1715), barrister, and his wife, Bridget, daughter of Sir Hardress Waller. His grandfather was Major William Cadogan, governor of Trim...

Article

Canning, Stratford, Viscount Stratford de Redcliffe (1786–1880), diplomatist  

Muriel E. Chamberlain

Canning, Stratford, Viscount Stratford de Redcliffe (1786–1880), diplomatist, born on 4 November 1786 in St Clement's Lane in the City of London, was the fourth son and youngest child of Stratford Canning (d. 1787), and his wife, Mehitabel (Hetty) Patrick (d...

Article

Carleton, Dudley, Viscount Dorchester (1574–1632), diplomat and letter writer  

L. J. Reeve

Carleton, Dudley, Viscount Dorchester (1574–1632), diplomat and letter writer, was born on 10 March 1574, the second son of Antony Carleton of Brightwell Baldwin, Oxfordshire, and his second wife, Jocosa, daughter of John Goodwin of Winchendon, Buckinghamshire. Educated first at Westminster School under ...