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Alice [married name Alice de Lusignan], suo jure countess of Eu (d. 1246), magnate  

Susan M. Johns

Alice [married name Alice de Lusignan], suo jure countess of Eu (d. 1246), magnate, was the daughter of Henri, count of Eu and lord of Hastings, and Matilda, the daughter of Hamelin (de Warenne), earl of Surrey, and Countess Isabel de Warenne...

Article

Bankes [née Hawtrey], Mary, Lady Bankes (d. 1661), royalist landholder  

Barbara Donagan

Bankes [née Hawtrey], Mary, Lady Bankes (d. 1661), royalist landholder, was the only daughter and an heir of Ralph Hawtrey (1570–1638) and his wife, Mary Altham (1578–1647). The Hawtreys claimed Norman descent and established themselves in Ruislip, Middlesex, in the sixteenth century. In 1618 she married ...

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Cover Bankes [née Hawtrey], Mary, Lady Bankes (d. 1661)

Bankes [née Hawtrey], Mary, Lady Bankes (d. 1661)  

Maker: unknown

In 

Mary Bankes (d. 1661), by unknown artist, c. 1650

Sudbury Hall (The National Trust)

Article

Basset, Philippa, countess of Warwick (d. 1265), magnate  

Peter Coss

Basset, Philippa, countess of Warwick (d. 1265), magnate, was the eldest of three daughters and coheirs of Thomas Basset, lord of Colyton and Whitford, Devon, and Headington, Oxfordshire. When he died in 1220 she took Headington as her third of his estate. Meanwhile, however, ...

Article

Beaufort [married names Ferrers, Neville], Joan, countess of Westmorland (1379?–1440), magnate  

Anthony Tuck

Beaufort [married names Ferrers, Neville], Joan, countess of Westmorland (1379?–1440), magnate, was the youngest of the four children of John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster (1340–1399), and his mistress, Katherine Swynford (1350?–1403) [see Katherine, duchess of Lancaster].

The dates of birth of all four children are uncertain, though there may be some significance in the pattern of gifts from ...

Article

Berkeley, Elizabeth, countess of Warwick (c. 1386–1422), magnate  

Jennifer C. Ward

Berkeley, Elizabeth, countess of Warwick (c. 1386–1422), magnate, was the daughter of Thomas, fifth Baron Berkeley (1353–1417), and Margaret (1360–c.1392), daughter and heir of Warin de Lisle. In September 1392 an agreement was drawn up with Thomas Beauchamp, earl of Warwick...

Article

Bolebec, Isabel de, countess of Oxford (c. 1164–1245), magnate and monastic patron  

RaGena C. DeAragon

Bolebec, Isabel de, countess of Oxford (c. 1164–1245), magnate and monastic patron, was the eldest daughter of Hugh de Bolebec (d. c.1165), lord of Whitchurch, Buckinghamshire, and a patron of the order of Friars Preacher in England. She appears first in the records as the widow of ...

Article

Brotherton [Marshal], Margaret, suo jure duchess of Norfolk (c. 1320–1399), magnate  

Rowena E. Archer

Brotherton [Marshal], Margaret, suo jure duchess of Norfolk (c. 1320–1399), magnate, was the eldest daughter and eventually sole heir of Thomas of Brotherton, first earl of Norfolk (1300–1338), the eldest son of Edward I from his second marriage, and Alice Hales (d...

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Cover Canning, Charlotte Elizabeth, Countess Canning (1817–1861)

Canning, Charlotte Elizabeth, Countess Canning (1817–1861)  

Maker: unknown photographer

In 

Charlotte Elizabeth Canning, Countess Canning (1817–1861) by unknown photographer Christie's Images Ltd. (2004)

Article

Canning [née Stuart], Charlotte Elizabeth, Countess Canning (1817–1861), courtier and vicereine of India  

K. D. Reynolds

Canning [née Stuart], Charlotte Elizabeth, Countess Canning (1817–1861), courtier and vicereine of India, was born at the British embassy in Paris on 31 March 1817, the elder of the two daughters of Sir Charles Stuart, later Baron Stuart de Rothesay (1779–1845), diplomatist, and his wife, ...

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Cover Churchill, Sarah, duchess of Marlborough (1660–1744)

Churchill, Sarah, duchess of Marlborough (1660–1744)  

Maker: Sir Godfrey Kneller

In 

Sarah Churchill, duchess of Marlborough (1660–1744) by Sir Godfrey Kneller, 1705 National Trust Photographic Library / Tim Stephens / The Egremont Collection / Petworth

Article

Churchill [née Jenyns], Sarah, duchess of Marlborough (1660–1744), politician and courtier  

James Falkner

Churchill [née Jenyns], Sarah, duchess of Marlborough (1660–1744), politician and courtier, was born on 5 June 1660, probably at Holywell, St Albans, Hertfordshire, the fourth and youngest daughter of Richard Jenyns (c.1618–1668), whose name is often spelt Jennings by later writers, and his wife, ...

Article

Clare, Elizabeth de [Elizabeth de Burgh; known as lady of Clare] (1294/5–1360), magnate and founder of Clare College, Cambridge  

Jennifer C. Ward

Clare, Elizabeth de [Elizabeth de Burgh; known as lady of Clare] (1294/5–1360), magnate and founder of Clare College, Cambridge, was usually known as Elizabeth de Burgh, and was described by herself and others as lady of Clare. She was the youngest daughter of ...

Article

Clare, Isabel de, suo jure countess of Pembroke (1171x6–1220), magnate  

M. T. Flanagan

Clare, Isabel de, suo jure countess of Pembroke (1171x6–1220), magnate, was the daughter of Richard fitz Gilbert de Clare (c.1130–1176), lord of Striguil (1148–76) and of Leinster (1171–6), and Aífe (Eva), daughter of Diarmait Mac Murchada (Dermot Mac Murrough), king of Leinster...

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Eadgifu [Eddeua] the Fair [the Rich] (fl. 1066), magnate  

Ann Williams

Eadgifu [Eddeua] the Fair [the Rich] (fl. 1066), magnate, held over 270 hides of land (or the equivalent) on the eve of the conquest, making her one of the richest English magnates at that time and giving rise to her alternative name of ...

Article

Ela, suo jure countess of Salisbury (b. in or after 1190, d. 1261), magnate and abbess  

Jennifer C. Ward

Ela, suo jure countess of Salisbury (b. in or after 1190, d. 1261), magnate and abbess, was the daughter of William, earl of Salisbury, and his wife, Eleanor de Vitré. Her father died in 1196, leaving her as his heir, and Richard I...

Article

Forz [Fortibus], Isabella de, suo jure countess of Devon, and countess of Aumale (1237–1293), magnate  

Barbara English

Forz [Fortibus], Isabella de, suo jure countess of Devon, and countess of Aumale (1237–1293), magnate, was the elder daughter of Baldwin de Revières, earl of Devon (d. 1245), and Amicia (d. 1284), eldest daughter of Gilbert de Clare, earl of Gloucester and Hertford...

Article

Grandmesnil, Petronilla de, countess of Leicester (d. 1212), magnate  

David Crouch

Grandmesnil, Petronilla de, countess of Leicester (d. 1212), magnate, was the daughter and heir of Guillaume, lord of Grandmesnil in Normandy. She was the last representative of the great Norman aristocratic house of Grandmesnil. Her father's name is known only from a grant by her to the abbey of ...

Article

Hervart, Esther d' [married name Esther de la Tour du Pin, marquise de Gouvernet in the French nobility; known as Madame de Gouvernet] (c. 1636–1722), noblewoman and refugee  

Vivienne Larminie

Hervart, Esther d' [married name Esther de la Tour du Pin, marquise de Gouvernet in the French nobility; known as Madame de Gouvernet] (c. 1636–1722), noblewoman and refugee, was the only daughter among the three surviving children of Barthélemy d'Hervart (1607–1676) and his wife, ...

Article

Hill [née Sandys], Mary, marchioness of Downshire and suo jure Baroness Sandys of Ombersley (1764–1836), landowner and politician  

Rosemary Richey

Hill [née Sandys], Mary, marchioness of Downshire and suo jure Baroness Sandys of Ombersley (1764–1836), landowner and politician, was born on 19 September 1764, the daughter and heir of Colonel Martin Sandys (c.1729–1768), and his wife, Mary (d. 1769)...