English early ruler

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Article

Ælfthryth (d. 929), princess  

Elisabeth van Houts

Publication History:

Published in print:
23 September 2004
Published online:
23 September 2004

Ælfthryth (d. 929), princess, was the youngest of three daughters of King Alfred (d. 899) and Queen Ealhswith, daughter of Æthelred Mucel, ealdorman of the 'Gaini'. She also had two brothers. According to her father's biographer Asser, she was educated with her brother ...

Article

Æthelflæd [Ethelfleda] (d. 918), ruler of the Mercians  

Marios Costambeys

Publication History:

Published in print:
23 September 2004
Published online:
23 September 2004

Æthelflæd [Ethelfleda] (d. 918), ruler of the Mercians, was the daughter and first-born child of Alfred (d. 899), king of the West Saxons and later of the Anglo-Saxons, and his wife, Ealhswith (d. 902), daughter of Æthelred, ealdorman of the ‘Gaini’, and Eadburh...

Article

Æthelthryth [St Æthelthryth, Etheldreda, Audrey] (d. 679), queen in Northumbria, consort of King Ecgfrith, and abbess of Ely  

Alan Thacker

Publication History:

Published in print:
23 September 2004
Published online:
23 September 2004

Æthelthryth [St Æthelthryth, Etheldreda, Audrey] (d. 679), queen in Northumbria, consort of King Ecgfrith, and abbess of Ely, was the daughter of Anna, king of the East Angles (d. 654?). Her immediate kindred was dominated by women in religion, later venerated as saints, including three sisters, ...

Article

Bertha (b. c. 565, d. in or after 601), queen in Kent, consort of Æthelberht  

Janet L. Nelson

Publication History:

Published in print:
23 September 2004
Published online:
23 September 2004

Bertha (b. c. 565, d. in or after 601), queen in Kent, consort of Æthelberht, was the daughter of the Merovingian Frankish king Charibert (d. 567) who reigned from 561. She was married to the then pagan Æthelberht (d. 616?), son of the ...

Article

Boudicca [Boadicea] (d. ad 60/61), queen of the Iceni  

T. W. Potter

Publication History:

Published in print:
23 September 2004
Published online:
23 September 2004

Boudicca [Boadicea] (d. ad 60/61), queen of the Iceni, popularly known as Boadicea since the eighteenth century as a result of misreading manuscripts of the works of the Roman historian Tacitus, was the wife of Prasutagus [see under Roman Britain (55 bc–ad 84)...

Article

Cynethryth (fl. c. 770–798), queen of the Mercians and abbess of Cookham  

S. E. Kelly

Publication History:

Published in print:
23 September 2004
Published online:
23 September 2004

Cynethryth (fl. c. 770–798), queen of the Mercians and abbess of Cookham, was the wife of King Offa and the mother of his son and successor, Ecgfrith [see under Offa]. Her origins are unknown, as is the date of her marriage. She attested her husband's charters on a regular basis from ...

Article

Eadburh [Eadburga] (fl. 789–802), queen of the West Saxons, consort of King Beorhtric  

Janet L. Nelson

Publication History:

Published in print:
23 September 2004
Published online:
23 September 2004

Eadburh [Eadburga] (fl. 789–802), queen of the West Saxons, consort of King Beorhtric, was the daughter of Offa (d. 796), king of the Mercians, and his wife Cynethryth (c. 770–798). In 789 she became the wife of Beorhtric (d. 802), who ruled Wessex...

Article

Eadgifu (b. in or before 904, d. in or after 966), queen of the Anglo-Saxons, consort of Edward the Elder  

Pauline Stafford

Publication History:

Published in print:
23 September 2004
Published online:
23 September 2004

Eadgifu (b. in or before 904, d. in or after 966), queen of the Anglo-Saxons, consort of Edward the Elder, was the daughter of Sigehelm, a Kentish ealdorman killed at the battle of the Holme in 903. She was the wife of King Edward the Elder...

Article

Eadgifu (d. in or after 951), queen of the West Franks, consort of Charles III  

Janet L. Nelson

Publication History:

Published in print:
23 September 2004
Published online:
23 September 2004

Eadgifu (d. in or after 951), queen of the West Franks, consort of Charles III, was born in Wessex, the daughter of Edward the Elder, king of the Anglo-Saxons (d. 924), and his second wife, Ælfflæd, and thus half-sister of Æthelstan, king of England...

Article

Eadgyth (c. 911–946), queen of the East Franks, consort of Otto I  

Pauline Stafford

Publication History:

Published online:
22 September 2011

Eadgyth (c. 911–946), queen of the East Franks, consort of Otto I, was born in Wessex, the daughter of Edward the Elder (870s?–924), king of the Anglo-Saxons, and his second wife, Ælfflæd. She was thus half-sister of Æthelstan, king of England (893/4–939) and ...

Article

Ealhswith (d. 902), consort of Alfred, king of the West Saxons from 871 and of the Anglo-Saxons from 886  

Marios Costambeys

Publication History:

Published in print:
23 September 2004
Published online:
23 September 2004

Ealhswith (d. 902), consort of Alfred, king of the West Saxons from 871 and of the Anglo-Saxons from 886, was the daughter of Æthelred Mucel, ealdorman of the 'Gaini' (presumably an old tribal group of the Mercians), and his wife, Eadburh...

Article

Eanflæd [St Eanflæd] (b. 626, d. after 685), queen in Northumbria, consort of King Oswiu  

Alan Thacker

Publication History:

Published in print:
23 September 2004
Published online:
23 September 2004

Eanflæd [St Eanflæd] (b. 626, d. after 685), queen in Northumbria, consort of King Oswiu, was the daughter of Eadwine (d. 633), king in Northumbria, and his wife, the Kentish princess Æthelburh (d. 647). Born on Easter eve (19 April) 626, she was baptized by ...

Article

Judith (b. after 843, d. c. 870)  

Janet L. Nelson

In 

Publication History:

Published in print:
23 September 2004
Published online:
23 September 2004

See Æthelwulf

Article

Osburh [Osburga] (fl. 839), consort of Æthelwulf, king of the West Saxons  

Janet L. Nelson

Publication History:

Published in print:
23 September 2004
Published online:
23 September 2004

Osburh [Osburga] (fl. 839), consort of Æthelwulf, king of the West Saxons, married Æthelwulf (d. 858), who was son of Ecgberht, king of Wessex (r. 802–39), while he was sub-king of Kent (825–39). The marriage probably occurred well before 839, for, on ...

Article

Osthryth [Ostrith] (d. 697), queen of the Mercians, consort of King Æthelred  

S. E. Kelly

Publication History:

Published in print:
23 September 2004
Published online:
23 September 2004

Osthryth [Ostrith] (d. 697), queen of the Mercians, consort of King Æthelred, was the daughter of Oswiu (611/12–670), king of Northumbria, and his second wife, Eanflaed. Her marriage appears to have taken place some time before 679, in which year her husband fought with her brother ...

Article

Seaxburh [Sexburga] (d. 674?), queen of the Gewisse  

Barbara Yorke

Publication History:

Published in print:
23 September 2004
Published online:
23 September 2004

Seaxburh [Sexburga] (d. 674?), queen of the Gewisse, was the wife of Cenwalh, king of the Gewisse, and has the distinction of being the only woman to appear in an Anglo-Saxon regnal list. Her reign is said to have begun in 672 after the death of her husband and to have lasted a year, though she may actually have ruled slightly longer than twelve months, as the next reign recorded in the ...

Article

Seaxburh [St Seaxburh, Sexburga] (b. in or before 655, d. c. 700), queen of Kent, consort of King Eorcenberht, and abbess of Ely  

David Rollason

Publication History:

Published in print:
23 September 2004
Published online:
23 September 2004

Seaxburh [St Seaxburh, Sexburga] (b. in or before 655, d. c. 700), queen of Kent, consort of King Eorcenberht, and abbess of Ely, is described by Bede in his Historia ecclesiastica as the eldest daughter of Anna, king of the East Angles (d. 654?)...